裂缝性致密储层待破裂区影响的压裂物模实验研究

在水力压裂过程中,天然裂缝尖端附近会发育许多待破裂区,在宏观裂缝形成前产生微裂隙,最终影响水力裂缝的扩展规模。为有效增加裂缝性致密储层的缝网规模,针对待破裂区开展真三轴水力压裂模拟实验,探究待破裂区域的影响机制。选取致密灰岩露头,精细刻画了裂缝性致密储层露头压前压后裂缝形态,分析了天然裂缝形态、待破裂区域以及泵注参数对裂缝性致密储层改造效果的影响,结果表明:待破裂区,即断裂过程区,主要发育在井筒周围;声发射监测结果显示,在注入压力达到破裂压裂前,岩石内部已经发育大量待破区,决定了裂缝的起裂位置和初始扩展路径,压裂过程中排量的突然提高会使待破裂区迅速沟通形成裂缝,随后逐渐扩展。当水力裂缝延伸到层理面后,随排量阶梯式增加,泵压提高,会使层理面附近发育新的待破裂区,进而影响到水力裂缝的转向、分叉或是否穿透天然裂缝。

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURING FOR FRACTURE PROCESS ZONE IN FRACTURED TIGHT RESERVOIR

Large-scale hydraulic fracturing technique has been widely applied to the development of oil and gas reservoirs, where the interaction between natural fractures and critical fracture zones has substantial impact on the propagation of fracture network. To reach this end, tri-axial fracturing tests were implemented on block samples cut from outcrops. Based on the experimental results, the critical fracture zone, defined as the weak formation zone mainly generated nearby the wellbore. With staged pressure suddenly increased, it is observed that the fracture rapidly propagating upon the critical fracture zone. The analysis illustrates that abundant critical fracture zones are generated around natural fractures with pressure building up at a relatively low pump rate. As the pump rate increases, hydraulic fractures initiate and come into play with critical fracture zones, implying emergence of a large number of micro-cracks. After the hydraulic fractures propagate into bedding planes, the step-wise pump rate increases pump pressure developing new critical fracture zones around them, which influences the deviation, branch of hydraulic fractures and interaction with natural fractures.