美国明智选择计划标签的特点、失败原因与警示

包装正面(Front of Package, FOP)标签是帮助消费者快速选择健康食品的新型营养标签。虽然美国的FOP标签起步早,种类多,对世界影响力大,但并非都是成功案例。在我国FOP标签启动阶段,分析美国明智选择计划标签失败原因具有警示意义。通过梳理相关文献发现,美国明智选择计划标签清晰直观且认证标准公开透明,因对非健康食品认证而被美国食品和药物管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA)停止使用。该标签失败的原因主要是认证标准偏低、政府监管存在漏洞、行业自律缺失和营养事实标签宣教不足等。因此,在我国开放FOP标签认证的前提是政府制定高标准的认证要求,健全市场监管机制,确立认证退出机制,发挥行业协会协调监督作用,创新营养成分表科普方式以提高居民使用意识。

Features, failure reasons and warnings for smart choices program labeling in the United States

Front of package (FOP) labeling is an emerging nutrition labeling to help consumers quickly choose healthy foods. FOP labels in the United States start early with many categories, and have great influence on the world, which are yet not all successful cases. At the starting stage of FOP labeling in China, it is of warning significance to analyze failure reasons for smart choices program labeling in the United States. By combing the relevant literatures, it was found that smart choices program labeling in the United States was clear and intuitive, and the labeling certification standards were open and transparent but was discontinued by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for certification of non-healthy foods. Failure reasons for smart choices program were low certification standards, loopholes in government regulation, lack of self-discipline in the industry, and insufficient publicity and education for the nutrition facts label. Therefore, the premises of opening FOP labels certification in China are that the government should establish high standard certification requirements, improve the market regulatory mechanisms, establish the certification withdrawal mechanism, give play to coordinating and supervising role of industry associations and innovate the way of popularizing the nutrition information table to arise residents" awareness of labeling usage.