上海市闸北区中小学生伤害流行病学分析

目的]掌握闸北区中小学生伤害发生流行病学特征及其影响因素,探索闸北区中小学生伤害发生状况,为政府和相关部门出台行之有效的中小学生伤害干预应对策略和措施、降低学生伤害发生率及伤害死亡率提供科学依据。方法]收集闸北区2006—2009学年期间全部中小学生伤害个案信息,记录"学生伤害个案卡"并对其内容调查登记核实,分析伤害发生的原因、类型和特征。结果]2006—2009学年监测中小学生伤害计95例,性别比为2.87∶1,其中初中学生为最多,占59%,小学生为41%,高中学生为30%。中小学生伤害主要类型为跌倒528例(55.23%),碰撞/挤压伤268例(28.03%)。伤害发生性质中以骨折较多,占55.71%,中学生发生以脱位、扭伤、拉伤的情况较小学生多。伤害事故发生较多时段分布为:以课(午)间休息发生数最高,为300例(31.38%),其次上课时发生263例(27.51%),节假日发生132例(13.81%),放学后发生130例(13.60%)。伤害部位好发于肩、上肢420例(44.03%),髋、下肢298例(31.24%),头面部189例(19.81%)。结论]中小学生面临着伤害的严峻挑战,应根据中小学生伤害发生特点,采取针对性干预措施,保护学生健康。

Epidemiological characteristics of injury in primary and secondary students from 2006 to 2009 school year in Zhabei District,Shanghai

Objective] There were 956 cases of injuries among primary and secondary students in 2006-2009 and the gender ratio was 2.87∶1（boys vs girls）.Injuries in junior middle school（48.95%） were the most of all and they also happened in primary school（36.19%） and Senior high school（14.85%）.Our objective was to acquire epidemiological characteristics of injury and its influence factors among primary and secondary students in Zhabei District of shanghai,and to explore its occurrence status,thus providing effective tragedy and countermeasure for injury intervening for government. Methods] ＂Students＇ Injury Case Cards＂ from 2006 to 2009 school year were collected from primary and secondary students,and then the reasons,types and characteristics of the injuries were investigated,confirmed,registered and analysed. Results] It was found that the main type of injury was reported as follows：528 cases of falling down（55.23%） and 268 cases of crash/extrusion（28.03%）.It was also found that the main injury was fracture（55.71%）.The amount of dislocation/sprain/pulling in middle school was more than in primary school.Further analysis showed that injury often happened in breaks between classes（31.38%）,in the middle of classes（27.51%）,during festival and holiday（13.81%）and at times after-school（13.60%）.On the other hand injury usually occurred on shoulder（44.03%）,hip（31.24%）and head（19.81%）. Conclusion] The analysis presents an austerity picture of injury among primary and secondary students,indicating that interfering measure should be implemented according to the characteristics of injury occurring in schools.