不同抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者心电图的影响

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者服用不同抗精神病药物对其心电图的影响。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年5月驻马店市第一人民医院精神科确诊的精神分裂症患者360例,依据服用药物的不同,分为氯丙嗪组112例、氯氮平组117例和利培酮组121例,所有患者均持续服药6个月。观察3组患者心电图异常发生率及类型,不同服药时间（服药4周、8周、24周）3组患者心电图异常的分布状况。结果 氯氮平组患者心电图异常发生率（73.50%）,高于氯丙嗪组（47.32%）和利培酮组（17.36%）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。氯氮平组窦性心动过速发生率（46.15%）高于氯丙嗪组（32.14%）、利培酮组（6.61%）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。服药24周,氯氮平组的心电图异常率（73.50%）高于氯丙嗪组（47.32%）、利培酮组（17.36%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 氯丙嗪、氯氮平、利培酮均可对精神分裂症患者的心电图产生影响,其中,氯氮平的影响较为明显。

Effects of different antipsychotic drugs on electrocardiogram features in patients with schizophrenia

Objective To investigate the effects of different antipsychotics on electrocardiogram (ECG)changes in those patients with schizophrenia.Methods The clinical data of 360 cases of schizophrenia patients diagnosed and treated in our hospital from Jan 2014 to May 2016were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different medications lasting for 6 months, all patients were divided into the chlorpromazine group of 112 cases, the clozapine group of 117 cases and the risperidone group of 121 cases.The incidence rates and types of ECG abnormalities, and the distribution state of ECG abnormalities at different durations of medication (4, 8 and 24 weeks) in the three groups were investigated.Results The incidence of ECG abnormalities in the clozapine group was 73.50%, which was significantly higher than that in the chlorpromazine group (47.32%) or the risperidone group (17.36%) (P<0.05).The incidence of sinus tachycardia in the clozapine group (46.15%) was also higher than that in the chlorpromazine group (32.14%) orthe risperidone group (6.61%), and their differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).After 24 weeks of medication, the rate of abnormal ECG in the clozapine group(73.50%) was significantlyhigher than that in the chlorpromazine group (47.32%) or the risperidone group (17.36%)(P<0.05).Conclusion For patients with schizophrenia, administration of chlorpromazine, clozapineor risperidone would affect their ECG features,and therein clozapine being more affective.