小剂量氯胺酮辅助吗啡硬膜外/皮下自控镇痛用于顽固性中、重度晚期癌痛治疗的临床研究

目的:观察小剂量氯胺酮辅助吗啡硬膜外或皮下自控镇痛(PCEA/PCSA)用于顽固性中、重度晚期癌痛患者的可行性及止痛效果.方法:选择54例中、重度晚期癌痛患者,均为虽经三阶梯药物治疗方案治疗未能很好地控制疼痛,同时毒副作用较大的患者.按是否可以行硬膜外穿刺置管分成两组,硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)组(n=28例)和皮下自控镇痛(PCSA)组(n=26例).采用硬膜外自控镇痛组,镇痛液为200ml,内含吗啡20mg+氯胺酮100mg.皮下自控镇痛组200ral内含吗啡80mg+氯胺酮400mg.分别在安装止痛泵后24小时、48小时采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估疼痛程度,统计两组不良反应的发生率.结果:经治疗,两组病例疼痛明显缓解.两组间视觉模拟评分(VAS)各时段无统计学差异(P>0.05).吗啡和氯胺酮用量PCSA组明显多于PCEA组,PCEA组生活总满意度明显高于PCSA组.不良反应:恶心呕吐、便秘、嗜睡、皮肤瘙痒、尿潴留Pc.SA组明显高于PCEA组;呼吸抑制、幻觉发生率两组无差异.结论:本研究结果表明,小剂量氯胺酮辅助吗啡硬膜外或皮下自控镇痛都可以有效治疗中/重度晚期顽固性癌痛.经硬膜外小剂量氯胺酮辅助吗啡自控镇痛具有镇痛作用强、用药量少、副作用小等优点,皮下自控镇痛可作为硬膜外自控镇痛的有效补充.

CLINICAL STUDY OF LOW-DOSE KETAMINE ASSOCIATING MORPHINE PATIENT CON-TROL EPIDURAL OR SUBCUTANEOUS ANALGESIA FOR MODERATE AND SEVERE LATE PHASE CANCER PAIN PATIENT

Objective:To observe the analgesic effects and the side effects of low-dose ketamine associa- ting morphine with patient control epidural analgesia(PCEA)and patient control subcutaneous analgesia (PCSA)for patients late cancer pain.Methods:54 cases late-phase cancer pain patients were divided in to two groups,with low-dose ketamine associating morphine PCEA Was used in the first group and low- dose ketamine associating morphine PCSA in the second group.The VAS(Visual Analogue Scale)Was used to evaluate the pain level,and the side effects in two groups.Results:The pain degrees of the two groups were alleviated significantly,the VAS at every period were no different(P>0.05),the morphine and ketamine dosage in the PCSA group was more than that in the PCEA group.The life satisfactory rate in PCEA group Was higher obviously than that in PCSA group;side effects such as the incidence of nause- a,vomiting,somnolence,itch and urine retention in the PCSA group was higher than those in the PCEA group;the incidence of respiration depression and hallucination was no different between the two groups. Conclusions:Both low-dose ketamine associating morphine with patient-control epidural analgesia (PCEA)and PCSA Call provide patient with safe and effective pain relief for moderate to severe late- phase cancer pain.PCEA is an optimas approach for moderate to severe late-phase concer pain with bet- ter pain relief and less side-effect and PCSA can serve as a complementary analgesia.