家庭环境因素和父母教养方式对学龄前儿童睡眠行为的影响

分析父母教养方式和家庭环境等因素对学龄前儿童睡眠情况的影响,为改善儿童睡眠提供依据。方法 2017年5-6月随机抽取芜湖市7所幼儿园,采用整群调查的方法,利用Green 综合评分评估家庭社会经济地位,使用父母行为问卷(PBI)和儿童睡眠习惯问卷中文版(CSHQ)评价父母教养方式和儿童的睡眠情况。结果 共调查了2　201名学龄前儿童,男童睡眠行为总分为49.79±4.65,女童为49.80±4.91,差异无统计学意义(t=0.04,P＞0.05)。共有14.54%儿童(n=320)存在睡眠问题,存在睡眠问题的儿童其父、母亲敌意/强制教养方式的得分高于无睡眠问题组的得分(t=6.31,5.58,P＜0.001),而父亲支持/参与教养得分低于无睡眠问题组(t=2.27,P＜0.05)。多因素分析结果显示父、母敌意/强制的教养方式得分越高,越增加学龄前儿童睡眠问题的发生(OR=1.04,95%CI:1.01~1.06、OR=1.04,95%CI:1.02~1.07),而父亲支持/参与教养方式减少儿童睡眠不良发生的风险(OR=0.98,95%CI:0.96~1.00)。家庭因素中本次研究仅发现家庭距主干道距离过近(≤50　m)可增加儿童睡眠不良的发生(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.07~2.63)。结论 父母教养方式影响儿童睡眠问题的发生,家长在于学龄前儿童相处时应采用更积极的教养方式,其次,家庭距主干道距离也是影响学龄前儿童睡眠问题不可忽视的原因,应做好居民住宅的相关规定,为保障学龄前儿童健康发展奠定基础。

Effects of family environment and parental rearing styles on sleep behaviors of preschool children

Objective To analyze the influence of parents' rearing styles and family environment on the sleep quality of preschool children,so as to provide basis for improving children's sleep. Methods Seven kindergartens in Wuhu city were randomly selected to conduct this survey from May to June 2017. The socioeconomic status was estimated by Green's scoring. The Parent Behavior Inventory(PBI) and the Children's Sleep Health Questionnaire(CSHQ) were used to evaluate the parenting style and the sleep condition of children. Results A total of 2 201 preschool children were investigated. There was no difference in the total score of sleep behavior between boys and girls(49.79±4.65 vs. 49.80±4.91,t=0.04,P＞0.05). Totally 320(14.54%) children had sleep disorder. The scores of parental hostility/compulsive parenting style in the sleep problem group were higher than that in the non-sleep problem group(t=6.31,5.58, P＜0.001),while the scores of father's support/participation parenting style in the sleep problem group were lower than that in the non-sleep problem group(t=2.27,P＜0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the higher the scores of parent and parent hostile/compulsory parenting style,the higher the risk of sleep problems in preschool children(OR=1.04,95%CI:1.01—1.06;OR=1.04,95%CI:1.02—1.07),while father support/participation in parenting decreased the risk of children's sleep disorder(OR=0.98,95%CI:0.96—1.00). In terms of family factors,the distance between the family and the main road <50 m could increase the occurrence of sleep disorder in children(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.07—2.63). Conclusions Parenting style is closely related to children's sleep problems. So parents are suggested to adopt more positive education methods when they get along with them. Secondly,the distance between families and main roads should be strictly regulated,which will lay a foundation for the healthy development of preschool children.