氧电极催化材料的研究现状

主要综述了近几年燃料电池、金属-空气电池中氧还原反应(ORR)催化剂的发展状况,包括发展成熟的贵金属及合金;过渡金属复合氧化物、简单氧化物;过渡金属大环化合物以及双功能电催化剂研究现状。着重阐述了氧气在这些催化剂上的电化学还原机理,催化剂结构对ORR的影响。在贵金属及合金催化剂中,较详细地介绍了Pt-M合金催化剂中各种过渡金属M提高合金催化性能的理论机理,如“锚定效应”等;在过渡金属复合氧化物催化剂中,探讨了掺杂离子的变价作用增加氧气的活性吸附位、提高ORR速率的机理。

State-of-art of electrocatalysts for oxygen electrode

Electrocatalysts, such as metals, metal alloys, transition metal oxides, transition metal macrocycle etc, for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells and metal-air batteries were reviewed . Emphasis was given to the mechanism of ORR on these electrocatalysts. The influence of catalyst surface structure on the catalysis of ORR was discussed. The role of transition metal in platinum-transition metal binary alloy was investigated. The anchor effect of transition metals to platinum on catalyst substrate, carbon, was employed to explain the improvement in catalysis compared with the catalysts consisting of platinum alone. The enhanced effect of transition metal dope in metal oxides catalysts was ascribed to the change of their electronic state and increase in adsorption sites for oxygen. Finally, bifunctional electrocatalysts, i.e., catalysts for both oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution, were reviewed.