沸石咪唑骨架膜的制备及其应用进展

近年来，将金属-有机骨架材料(MOFs)和膜基材料结合，制备新型MOFs分离膜成为膜领域研究的热点之一。由于MOFs具有类似分子筛结构和空间拓扑结构，在分离、催化等方面具有潜在的应用前景。沸石咪唑框架材料(ZIFs)作为MOFs中重要分支之一，因其具有优异的热稳定性和化学稳定性被应用于膜分离。本工作重点阐述了原位生长、界面反扩散、逐层组装、二次生长、气相沉积和微流体处理等方法制备ZIFs多晶膜和杂化膜，并系统介绍了ZIFs复合膜在染料与重金属离子去除、气体分离、天然气净化、生物医药和电化学传感中的应用。最后，总结了ZIFs复合膜制备过程中存在的问题和挑战，并对ZIFs复合膜未来研究的方向提出了展望。

Recent progress on preparation and application of zeolitic imidazolate framework composite membranes

Membrane separation is large-scaled and high selectivity technology which applied in the fields of water treatment and gas separation. In recent years, the preparation of novel metal-organic frameworks (MOF) membranes by combining MOFs with membrane-based materials become one of the hotspots in membrane research. Since MOFs have similar molecular sieve and spatial topological structures, they have potential applications in separation and catalysis. Zeolitic imidazolate framework materials (ZIFs), as one of the important branches of MOFs, have been applied to membrane separation due to their excellent thermal and chemical stability. The zeolitic imidazolate framework materials have the advantages of adjustable pore size and high porosity, thus are expected as ideal membrane materials to sieve molecules precisely. Duing to the very close in the mixtures' physical properties, it is extremely challenging to finely separate them. In this review, the preparation of zeolitic imidazolate framework materials membran polycrystalline and hybrid membranes by in-situ growth, interfacial/contra-diffusions, layer-by-layer assembly, secondary growth, vapor deposition, and microfluidic treatment are discussed. Also, the applications of zeolitic imidazolate framework materials composite membrane in dye and heavy metal ions removal, gas separation, natural gas purification, biological medicine, and electrochemical sensing are introduced systematically. Afterwards, it is concluded that four adsorption mechanisms of zeolitic imidazolate framework membranes towards dye and heavy metal ions removal, gas separation, and natural gas purification, which are complexation/chelation, electrostatic interaction, coacervation, and synergistic effect. The analysis shows that the introduction of zeolitic imidazolate framework materials greatly improves the separation and purification performance of ZIFs composite membrane, which has certain reference value for the future research. Finally, the problems and challenges in the preparation of ZIFs composite membrane are summarized, and the future research direction of ZIFs composite membrane is prospected.