计及日前-实时交易和共享储能的VPP运行优化及双层效益分配

随着“双碳目标”的提出和可再生能源渗透率的增加,确保电力系统灵活运行变得愈加重要。针对源、荷、储等多类分布式灵活性资源,构建了电力市场环境下计及风光不确定性和共享储能的虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)运行优化和双层效益分配模型。首先,构建了含分布式风光机组、共享储能、柔性负荷的VPP系统结构,并建立了两级电力市场交易机制。其次,利用场景生成与削减的方法处理了风光出力不确定性,在此基础上以VPP运行收益最大化为目标,构建了考虑日前-实时交易的VPP运行优化模型。再次,为保障参与主体收入公平性和合理性,基于双层合作博弈Owen值法,分别建立了VPP参与主体收益分配策略和共享储能投资主体收益分配策略。最后,通过算例分析验证了所提模型的有效性。算例结果表明含共享储能的VPP能够有效降低风光不确定性造成的干扰,提高VPP在日前-实时两级市场中的收益;通过Owen值法对各投资主体进行效益分配,有助于保障系统的公平合理性。

VPP Operation Optimization and Bilayer Revenue Distribution Model Considering the Two-Level Market and Shared Energy Storage

With the proposal of "double carbon target" and the increase of renewable energy penetration rate, it becomes more and more important to ensure the flexible operation of power system. In order to aggregate multiple types of distributed flexible resources such as power generators, load and storage, this paper constructs an operation optimization and two-layer benefit allocation models for virtual power plants (VPP), which considers the uncertainty of wind and solar power and shared energy storage under the environment of electricity market. Firstly, a VPP system structure including distributed PV and wind power generators, shared energy storage and flexible load is constructed, and a two-level power market trading mechanism is established. Secondly, the method of scenario generation and reduction is used to deal with the uncertainty of wind and solar power output. On this basis, the VPP operation optimization model considering day-ahead and real-time trades is constructed with the goal of maximizing VPP operation income. Thirdly, in order to guarantee the fairness and rationality of participants' income, the income distribution strategies for VPP participants and shared energy storage investors are established on the basis of the Owen value method of two-layer cooperative game. Finally, an example analysis is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. The example results show that VPP with shared energy storage can effectively reduce the interference caused by wind and solar power uncertainty and increase the income of VPP in two-level market. The income distribution of each investment subject through Owen value method is conducive to ensuring the fairness and rationality of the system.