GIS 与RS 技术支持下的 北京西北地区景观格局优化

在区域尺度上以城市化过程为特征的土地利用活动对景观功能的稳定和景观结构的差异性有着深刻的影响.选择北京西北地区为研究区域,应用RS与GIS技术,对1989年、1996年、2005年三期LANDSAT TM图像进行解译判读,深入分析研究区景观格局时空变化特征,发现城市扩展造成了生态绿地破碎化、景观连通性降低及景观单一等一系列问题.在此基础上,本研究以景观流运行受距离、障碍等因素影响原理作为出发点,采用累积耗费距离模型,结合景观组分的生态系统服务功能价值和空间作用,研究了北京西北地区景观结构紧密性和生态功能空间差异,进而构建源地、生态廊道和生态节点等景观组分来加强生态网络的空间联系,最后提出本研究区域的景观格局优化方案.该研究方法及结果对北京地区景观生态规划和建设具有重要的理论依据和和参考价值.

Landscape Pattern Optimization Based on RS and GIS in Northwest of Beijing

Heterogeneity of landscapes is supposed to be of significant importance for biodiversity and ecological function in urban ecosystems.However,land use activities caused primarily by urbanization process has a profound and far-reaching impact on stability of landscape and differences of landscape structure at the regional scale.Therefore,in this paper,the northwest region of Beijing is chosen as a study area and the technologies of remote sensing(RS)and geographical information system(GIS)is applied,and meanwhile the priority is been given to understanding of the spatial-temporal characteristics of landscape pattern change through visually interpreting Landsat TM images of 1989,1996 and 2005 respectively.It is believed that there are a series of landscape ecological problems because of city expansion,such as low landscape ecological connectivity,simplified landscape structure and more obvious fragmentation of green land patch in the plain areas.Moreover,spatial distribution of green land is unbalanced.In order to solve those problems,according to the principle that the movements of flow,energy and material in a landscape are related to some factors such as distance,time,impedance,etc.,this study adopts an accumulative cost distance model,combines with ecosystem services and spatial interactions of landscape types,analyzes the spatial difference of the ecological function and the compactness of landscape structure in the study area,and further discusses the landscape pattern optimization proposal.