绿藻水溶性多糖的研究概况和进展

对近年来绿藻多糖的提纯方法、组成结构及应用的研究进展进行了综述。绿藻多糖的提纯需要经过样品的前处理、提取和精制三个步骤,提取方法包括酸提、酶提、加入钙螯合剂提取、微波及超声波辅助提取。绿藻多糖是水溶性的硫酸化杂多糖。从石莼(Ulva)、浒苔(Enteromorpha)、礁膜(Monostroma)、小球藻(Chlorella)、蕨菜(Bracken)及刚毛藻(Bristles)中提取的多糖的化学组成及结构特征各不相同,而且多糖的化学组成和结构特征受提取方式的影响。绿藻多糖的生物相容性、生物可降解性及抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗凝血、抗炎、免疫调节等多种生物活性使其在食品、医药、化妆品及农业中具有广泛的应用。有关绿藻多糖的精确结构、提纯方法及化学修饰的进一步研究将使绿藻多糖的应用更加广泛。

The research progress of water-soluble polysaccharides from green alga

This article reviews the recent advances in various aspects of research findings on green algae polysaccharides, including purification methods, composition and structure, and applications. The purification method of green algae polysaccharides consists of pretreatment, extraction, and refinement. The extraction techniques include acid extraction, enzyme extraction, calcium chelating agent extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. Green algae polysaccharides are water-soluble sulfate heteropolysaccharides. The composition and structure of green algae polysaccharides depend on the genus they belong to, such as Ulva, Enteromorpha, Monostroma, Chlorella, Bracken, and Bristles, as well as on the extraction techniques. Due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and various biological properties such as antioxidant, antitumor, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities, green algae polysaccharides are widely used in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agricultural industries. Further research on the exact structure, purification methods, and chemical modification of green algae polysaccharides will widen their application.