阜新市秋冬季节PM2.5中无机元素污染特征及来源

为研究阜新市秋冬交替期间大气PM_2.5无机元素污染特征及来源，于2017年10月、12月对城区4个点位采集样品，利用ICP-MS、AFS-8900、ICP-AES测定18种元素含量，结合气象参数，分析秋、冬两季PM_2.5污染特征，运用富集因子法（EF）、主成分分析法（PCA）及聚类分析法解析PM_2.5元素污染特征及来源.结果表明，阜新城区冬季PM_2.5质量浓度（56.5μg/m³）是秋季的1.5倍，秋、冬两季PM_2.5平均质量浓度为47.5μg/m³；冬季PM_2.5与SO₂、NO₂的同源性表现强于秋季；冬季PM_2.5中V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Cd、Hg、Mg、Ti 12种典型人为源标识性元素总质量百分比（8.78%）是秋季的1.45倍，表明城区冬季PM_2.5显著受到人为活动影响.富集因子分析显示EF值大于100的元素为Cd、Hg、Zn，冬季EF（Cd）高达532.34，可能与城南3km公里处露天矿坑大量残煤自燃排烟有关；冬季EF（Cr）比秋天增高了7.9倍.源解析结果表明，燃煤与工业烟尘、机动车尾气、生物质燃烧及土壤风沙扬尘是阜新PM_2.5无机元素的主要来源.秋季表现出明显的来源复合性，第一主因子解释了变量总方差的77.013%，聚类分析第1类包含了Cd、Hg、Mn、Ni、As、V、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ti和Mg 12种元素；冬季则表现出明显的来源广泛性，表明冬季PM_2.5来源相对复杂，应强化冬季PM_2.5污染综合防治与管控.

The pollution characteristics and source analysis of inorganic elements in PM2.5 during autumn and winter in Fuxin

PM_2.5 samples were collected at four sites of Fuxin city in October and December 2017 to study the pollution characteristics and sources of inorganic elements in PM_2.5 during the autumn-winter alternation period. The pollution characteristics of PM_2.5 were then analyzed by combining the monitoring data with meteorological parameters. The contents of eighteen elements in PM_2.5 were determined by ICP-MS, AFS-8900 and ICP-AES, and the source apportionment was conducted using enrichment factor (EF) analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The mass concentration of PM_2.5 in winter (56.5μg/m³) was 1.5 times that in autumn, and the mean concentration of PM_2.5 was 47.5μg/m³ during the sampling period. Meanwhile, PM_2.5 shared similar sources with SO₂ and NO₂ to a high degree in winter as compared to the situation in autumn. In winter, the total mass percentage (8.78%) of 12 typical marker elements for anthropogenic sources (V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Cd, Hg, Mg, Ti) in PM_2.5 was 1.45times that in autumn, indicating that PM_2.5 in urban areas was significantly affected by human activities in winter. EF analysis results showed that Cd, Hg and Zn were heavily enriched, with EF values greater than 100. In winter, EF (Cd) reached as high as 532.34, which might be related to the smoke exhaust from the spontaneous combustion of large amounts of residual coal in the open pit 3km south of the city. Moreover, the EF (Cr) in winter was 7.9 times higher than that in autumn. According to the results of source analysis, coal burning, industrial soot, vehicle exhaust, biomass combustion, and soil dust were the main sources of inorganic elements in PM_2.5. In autumn, PM_2.5 had composite sources. The first principal factor accounted for 77.013% of the total variation, and category 1identified in cluster analysis contained 12elements, i.e., Cd, Hg, Mn, Ni, As, V, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ti and Mg. By contrast, PM_2.5 had a wide range of sources in winter, showing the complexity of sources. Therefore, comprehensive measures should be considered to prevent and control PM_2.5 pollution in winter.