Cognitive processes in the revision of stereotypic beliefs.

Four studies examined stereotype change using 3 models: the bookkeeping model, in which each instance of stereotype-relevant information is used to modify the stereotype gradually; the conversion model, in which stereotypes change radically in response to dramatic or salient instances; and the subtyping model, in which new stereotypic structures are developed to accommodate instances not easily assimilated by existing stereotypes. The models predict different response patterns as a function of variations in the pattern of stereotype-inconsistent evidence and the number of instances encountered. In Exps I and II, a total of 126 undergraduates were given information about either a small or a large sample of group members in which stereotype-inconsistent evidence was dispersed across many members or concentrated within a few members. Results generally support the subtyping model when evidence was concentrated and the bookkeeping model when evidence was dispersed. Exps III and IV, with 30 and 40 undergraduates, respectively, suggested that development of subtypes occurs because dramatically inconsistent individuals are seen as unrepresentative of the group as a whole. Conditions under which the conversion model may operate are considered. (24 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)