国际视野下的国家风景道体系建设：美国、 德国和挪威的实践

风景道体系建设是国家旅游与交通产业融合发展的 举措，对推动区域景观服务增值、带动乡村及偏远地区可持续 发展具有重要意义。当前研究存在风景道历史不清晰、概念与 形式不明确、建设与管理经验不明朗等情况。从国际视野出 发，厘清了风景道发展脉络，并以美国、德国和挪威为例，讨 论了国际范围内风景道的概念与形式，挖掘了不同国家风景道 沿线景观的视域特征、场景特征及吸引物特征，梳理了各国风 景道质量管理的制度、景观形象的塑造与推广，总结了国家风 景道建设与管理的国际经验，为当前风景道体系建设的关键任 务提供参考。

National Scenic Road System in International Perspective: Practices from USA, Germany and Norway

The project of scenic road system is a national initiative for integrative tourism and transportation development. It is of vital importance in upgrading regional landscape services and driving sustainable development in rural and remote areas. The current scenic road studies are ambiguous on the issues of history, conceptualization, construction and management. Through an international perspective, this research clarified the history of scenic road development. Based on the practices from USA, Germany and Norway, the paper discussed the concept and form of scenic road, unveiled the features of viewshed, scene and attraction of the landscape along scenic road, analyzed the strategies of quality management and image stewardship in different countries, and summarized the international experience in designation and management of national scenic road. The results would hopefully provide references for the construction of scenic road system in China.