检疫性害虫中对长小蠹在中国的适生区

【目的】中对长小蠹是一种已在我国海南建立种群的外来有害生物,预测其在中国的潜在入侵分布区,可为阻断其传播和早期监测提供参考。【方法】基于我国动植物检验检疫信息资源平台,对中对长小蠹在我国入境口岸的截获记录进行检索和统计。根据中对长小蠹现有分布记录,选取2组(5个环境变量和9个环境变量)相关性的气候变量,将中对长小蠹的本土生态空间与中国的生态空间进行对比,测试其在我国入侵过程中生态位保守性,然后基于2组环境变量在本土中美洲地区分别构建生态位模型,将其转移至我国和世界其他国家和地区来检测模型,并预测其在我国的适宜生态空间和潜在分布区。【结果】我国中对长小蠹的截获主要在长三角和珠三角地口岸,从木制品进口中截获。生态空间比对发现中对长小蠹在我国与其本土所占有的生态空间具有较大的重叠,其在我国的入侵过程中的生态位是保守的,然而与本土空间相比,我国所占有的生态空间存在较大的生态位空缺,表明中对长小蠹在我国的潜在入侵风险较大。在生态位模型预测中,与基于9个环境变量模型的预测相比较,基于5个环境变量的模型预测较为保守,基于2组变量的模型结果均显示中对长小蠹的适生区主要分布于中美洲、南美洲中部、非洲中部、澳洲北部和亚洲中部以及东南亚地区。中对长小蠹在我国的适生区主要在海南、台湾、广东等地,此外云南和广西南部等地的适生性亦较高。【结论】中对长小蠹在我国海南、台湾、广东等大部分地区存在入侵风险。本次预测结果与当前分布范围一致,这些潜在分布区多聚集在沿海地区,贸易活动频繁,有利于该害虫在入侵地建立种群并扩散;这些高风险地区应开展预警与监测,防止其从海南向大陆扩张或二次入侵。综合潜在分布分析和截获记录统计,我国广东珠江三角地区入侵风险最高,需要密切监控。

Potential Geographic Distributions of the Quarantine Pest Platypus parallelus(Coleoptera: Platypodidae)in China

【Objective】Platypus parallelus (Coleoptera:Platypodidae) is an important quarantine pest,it is increasingly intercepted by some China Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureaus.This species is native to Central America but has established its populations in Hainan Province,China.Its further northern expansion across Qiongzhou Strait is of great concern,posing threats to forestry and environment to China's Mainland.Predicting its potential distribution can provide reference for interrupting its transmission and early monitoring.【Method】 Based on the information resources platform of animal and plant inspection and quarantine in China,the interception records of P.parallelus at entry ports in China were retrieved and counted.According to the current distribution records of bark beetles,two groups of climatic variables (5 environmental variables and 9 environmental variables) were selected to compare the local ecological space of bark beetles with that of China.The niche conservativeness of bark beetles in the process of invasion in China was tested.Based on the two groups of environmental variables,niche models were constructed in the native Central American region and transferred to China.China and other countries and regions in the world will test the mode Classical native classical ecological niche model approaches were used to predict its potential distributions in China .【Result】 P.parallelus are mainly captured in imported timbers from the import of wood products at the ports of Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta.The ecological space occupied by beetles in China overlapped with that occupied by their native land;and their niche was conservative during its invasion in China.Comparing to native space,there are large vacancy of ecological space in China,where indicated that high invasion potentials might exist.In niche model prediction,compared with the prediction based on nine environmental variables model,the prediction based on five environmental variables was more conservative.The model results based on two sets of variables showed that the suitable habitats for bark beetles are mainly distributed Central America,central areas in South America,central Africa,and northern Australia.In China,Hainan,Taiwan and Guangdong provinces are suitable to P.parallelus invasion.In addition,Yunnan and southern Guangxi are also susceptible to P.parallelus .【Conclusion】 Most of regions in Hainan,Taiwan,Guangdong,Yunnan,and Guangxi,together with the coastal areas in Fujian,have high invasion risk,and these areas are mostly concentrated in coastal areas,with frequent trade activities,which is conducive to the establishment and spread of the pest in the invaded areas.These high-risk areas should carry out early warning and monitoring to prevent its expansion from Hainan to the mainland or secondary invasion.