基于动态演化特征的锁固段型岩质滑坡前兆信息研究

 大型岩质滑坡是高能量突然释放的突发性地质灾害，常造成重大人员伤亡和经济损失。其中锁固段型岩质滑坡为大型岩质滑坡的主要类型，其发展演化具有较强的隐蔽性和突然性。依据锁固段存在形式和赋存位置，将锁固段型滑坡细分为“三段式”、“挡墙式”、阻滑块体、线性多级和阶梯状多级型5种类型。通过分析典型锁固段型滑坡的工程地质特性、滑坡阶段性演化规律和突发失稳特征，并基于动态演化特征从滑坡后缘拉裂缝开裂闭合、前缘鼓胀、坡体加剧变形和岩体微破裂声学信号特征等对岩质滑坡失稳前兆信息进行了系统总结。根据不同滑坡不同演化阶段的前兆失稳信息，利用InSAR，LiDAR，GPS，三维激光扫描和岩石微震等先进技术，采用“空–天–地–内”一体化的滑坡失稳预警防治方法。不同演化阶段的滑坡前兆信息的获取，对具有突发灾害的锁固段型岩质滑坡防治具有重要指导意义，可提高灾害预警预报准确率。

Precursor information of locking segment landslides based on transient characteristics

Large rock slides are a sudden geological hazards with the sudden high power release，which often cause heavy casualties and economic losses. The rock slide of locking section is a main type of large rock slide，and the development process is relatively concealed and the occurrence is quite sudden. In this paper，the locking section of a rock slide was subdivided into five types based on the existing form and the position of the locking section，namely，“three sections type”，“retaining wall type”，anti-slide block type，linear multilevel type and stepped multistage type. The engineering geological characteristics，the development of landslide and the characteristics of sudden instability were compared and analyzed with the specific locking section of landslides. In addition，the precursor information of instability，such as the initiation and coalescence of tensile cracks on the trailing edge of the landslide，the expansion on the leading edge，the deformation of the slope body and the acoustic signal characteristics of micro fractures in rock，were systematically analyzed in terms of the transient characteristics. According to the precursor information of different landslide instability in different stages of development，with the application of InSAR，LiDAR，GPS，3D Laser Scanning and rock microseismic technology，the early warning and control method of landslide instability was proposed by using the integration of the“space-sky-ground- interior”. The acquisition of the precursor information of landslides in different stages plays the important guiding role for the prevention and control of the sudden rock slide of locking section.