5年革兰阴性杆菌耐药性变迁分析

目的分析近5年主要革兰阴性杆菌对常用抗菌药物耐药性的变迁。方法对医院1999-2003年1464株革兰阴性杆菌的药敏试验进行回顾性分析,药敏试验采用K-B纸片扩散法。结果铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌对哌拉西林的耐药率分别由1999年的17.6%、42.9%增至2003年的79.2%、68.9%;对环丙沙星的耐药率分别由1999年的4.3%、40.0%增至2003年的36.0%、73.5%;大肠埃希菌对喹诺酮类抗菌药物耐药率>50.0%,对三代头孢菌素的耐药率多在30.0%~40.0%;不动杆菌属对哌拉西林、头孢曲松的耐药率由1999年的31.2%、36.0%增至2003年的67.5%、74.1%;沙雷菌属对头孢他啶、头孢曲松、庆大霉素、阿米卡星和哌拉西林的耐药率增长迅速;亚胺培南对革兰阴性杆菌依然保持强大抗菌活性,头孢哌酮/舒巴坦和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦也显示较强的抗菌活性。结论近5年革兰阴性杆菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率增长迅速,如何抑制细菌耐药率的过快增长已成为全球性的难题。

Diversity of Antimicrobial Resistance among Gram-negative bacilli

OBJECTIVE To study the drug-resistant diversity of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from inpatients during recent five years.METHODS A total of 1 464 Gram-negative bacilli isolated were detected and retrospectively analyzed from 1999 to 2003.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer method.RESULTS The resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to piperacillin rised from 17.6% of 1999 to 79.2% of 2003,and that to ciprofloxacin rised from 4.3% of 1999 to 36.0% of 2003.The resistance of Escherichia coli to quinolones was above 50%,while to third-generation cephalosporins was 30-40%;the resistance of E.coli to piperacillin rised from 42.9% of 1999 to 68.9% of 2003,and that to ciprofloxacin rised from 40.0% of 1999 to 73.5% of 2003.The resistance of Acinetobacter to piperacillin rised from 31.2% of 1999 to 67.5% of 2003,and that to ceftriaxone rised from 36.0% of 1999 to 74.1% of 2003.The resistance of Serratia to ceftazidime,ceftriaxone,gentamicin,amikacin and piperacillin rised sharply.Imipenem was the most active antibiotic tested against Gram-negative bacilli.Cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam also showed excellent activity against Gram-negative bacilli.CONCLUSIONS During recent five years,the resistance of the most common Gram-negative bacilli has increased rapidly.How to delay the resistance development of common strains become a global problem.