冷冻浓缩-RO工艺处理空间站尿液试验研究

尿液废水的处理是空间站再生式环境控制与生命保障系统的重要环节.以尿液为分析目标,考察了单/多级冷冻浓缩对尿液的预处理效果,以及反渗透膜对融冰的深度处理效果,并进行了能耗分析.结果表明,冷冻浓缩能高效地去除尿液中各种杂质,仅经单级处理,即可去除原尿液97%以上的氨氮、有机物和91%以上的盐;反渗透装置对进水中的盐和氨氮有良好的去除效果,各级融冰经反渗透膜过滤后,出水水质均可满足杂用水的水质标准;综合考虑能耗和出水水质,认为两级冷冻浓缩与反渗透的组合工艺更能体现该工艺高效低耗的特征.

Urine treatment by the combined freeze-concentration and reverse osmosis in space station

Urine treatment is important to the close-looped Environmental Control and Life Support System(ECLSS) in space station.Urine was adopted as sample for experiment.Effects of the single and multiple pretreatment of freeze concentration and the advanced treatment of reverse osmosis were investigated.Results show that freeze concentration was an effective method for removing all kinds of impurities in urine.By single freeze concentration,more than 97 percent of NH_3-N,COD sources and more than 91 percent of salts could be removed.Reverse osmosis could remove salts and NH_3-N in the melted ice effectively.After being treated by reverse osmosis,high quality water could be achieved.Considering both the energy consumption and the water quality,the combination of two-stage freeze concentration and reverse osmosis was regarded as a high-efficiency and low-cost method to treat urine in space station.