非常规油气开发对压裂设备和材料发展的影响

非常规油气开发是国内外目前的热点研究领域，压裂能力和压裂液成为制约增产改造效果的瓶颈。为此，依据中国储层特性、地面条件、开发现状等情况，并以大量的实际生产和统计数据为基础，对中国目前非常规油气的开发模式、设备条件、材料要求、成本构成等进行了深入的论述。结论认为：①国内现有的压裂设备和材料等硬件条件可满足当前非常规油气开发的需求，但存在着开发模式中完井环节的关键技术空白、施工作业成本难以控制的问题；②压裂液将朝高效环保、储层低伤害、低含水量或无水、成本可控以及体系类型多样化的方向发展；③根据中国非常规天然气开发规划的年产量，预测了压裂设备的需求和技术服务市场规模。最后强调，以滑溜水为代表的低成本压裂液和以超临界CO₂为代表的无水压裂液是2个最重要的发展方向，而支撑剂将朝小粒径、低密度、高强度方向发展，同时，在原材料和加工工艺上也有待突破创新。

Impact of unconventional oil and gas exploitation on fracturing equipment and materials development

The development of unconventional oil and gas is a research focus at home and abroad. The fracturing capacity and fluid are the core factors restricting the stimulation performance. In view of this, in terms of reservoir characteristics, surface conditions and current development status in China, a thorough analysis was made of the current unconventional oil and gas development mode, equipment conditions, materials requirements and cost composition based on mass production and statistical data. The following findings were achieved. First, the existing domestic fracturing equipment and materials can meet the need of unconventional oil and gas development at present; however, the current development mode still faces numerous challenges, such as vacancy of key technologies in well completion and difficulty in cost control. Second, the fracturing fluid will be developed into various systems and types with high efficiency, no pollution, less damage to reservoirs, low or no water content, and a controllable cost.Then, according to the planned annual output of unconventional gas, an optimistic forecast can be made of the demand for fracturing equipment and scale of technical service market. Finally, it was emphasized that the fracturing fluids with a low cost (e.g. slick water) and without water (e.g. supercritical CO₂) will be the foremost development directions, while the proppant tends to be developed with small grain size, low density and high strength. Moreover, breakthrough and innovation will be expected in raw materials and in processing techniques.