城市生活污水SNAD工艺的启动研究

采用SBR反应器,以城市生活污水为原水,进行同步亚硝化、厌氧氨氧化、反硝化(SNAD)工艺的启动研究.首先接种厌氧氨氧化(anammox)颗粒污泥,在高曝气量下(500L/h)培养得到亚硝化颗粒污泥,然后再次接种anammox颗粒污泥,在低曝气量下(40L/h)培养得到SNAD颗粒污泥.在亚硝化稳定期,氨氮平均去除率达到94%,亚硝态氮平均积累率达到95%.在SNAD稳定期,总氮平均去除率为85%.批试实验结果表明,亚硝化稳定期亚硝化颗粒污泥的好氧氨氮和亚硝态氮氧化活性分别为为0.234和0kgN/(kgVSS×d).SNAD颗粒污泥的厌氧氨氧化总氮去除、亚硝态氮反硝化、好氧氨氮氧化、好氧亚硝态氮氧化活性分别为0.158、0.104、0.281、0kg/(kgVSS×d),其中硝态氮反硝化活性在0~120min和120~360min内分别为0.061和0.104kg/(kgVSS×d).扫描电镜显示,SNAD颗粒污泥表面以短杆状菌和球状菌为主,可能为好氧氨氧化菌(AOB)和反硝化菌,颗粒污泥内部以火山口状的细菌为主,可能为anammox菌.

The study of SNAD process start-up on domestic wastewater

The SNAD (simultaneous partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidization and denitrification) process was successfully developed in a SBR to treat domestic wastewater. In the beginning, some anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) granules were inoculated into the SBR to develop partial nitrification granules under high DO(500L/h). Afterwards, some anammox granules were added again to develop SNAD granules under low DO(40L/h). During the stable partial nitrification stage, the average ammonium removal rate was above 94% while the average nitrite accumulation rate was more than 95%. In the stable SNAD stage, 85% average total nitrogen removal rate was achieved. To the partial nitrification granules, batch tests indicated that the specific aerobic ammonium oxidation activity and nitrite oxidation activity were 0.234 and 0kgN/(kgVSS×d), respectively. To the SNAD granules, batch tests indicated that the specific anammox activity, denitrification activity over nitrite, aerobic ammonium oxidation activity and nitrite oxidation activity were 0.158、0.104、0.281、0kg/(kgVSS×d), respectively. The denitrification activity over nitrate was 0.061kg/(kgVSS×d) during 0~120min while the value was 0.104kg/(kgVSS×d) during 120~360min. The SEM observations indicated that the bacteria in the outer part of the SNAD granule were mainly short rod-shaped and spherical, which may be AOB and denitrification bacteria. In the inner part of the SNAD granule, the bacteria were mainly crater-shaped, which should be anammox bacteria.