进入21世纪后中国炼铁工业的发展及存在的问题

20世纪最后10年内,中国钢铁工业步入快速发展阶段,进入21世纪后其增速更加惊人。2000年钢产量1.2848亿t(铁产量1.3049亿t),2008年钢产量增加到5.0031亿t(铁产量4.6928亿t),这意味着8年内年钢产量增加了2.89倍。尽管2008年发生了世界金融危机,但中国政府及时采取刺激经济增长的政策,中国钢铁工业保持了增长趋势,2010年钢产量6.2665亿t(铁产量5.9001亿t)。通过分析中国炼铁领域在过去10年的发展情况以及未来可能遇到的困难,认为中国炼铁工业将面临资源紧缺、结构不合理、能耗过高及环境负担重的挑战,中国炼铁工业的健康发展依赖于我们如何处理所面临的挑战。

The Development of Chinese Ironmaking Industry after Entering the 21st Century and the Existing Problems

Since last decade of 20^th century,Chinese steel industry has stepped into a stage of rapid growth,and has made a dramatic growth after entering the 21^st century.The steel production of China was 128.48 Mt（iron production was 130.49 Mt） in 2000.Chinese annual steel production leapt to 500.31 Mt（iron production 469.28 Mt ） in 2008.That meant an increase of 2.89 times in annual capacity of steel industry within 8 years.Even though the world financial crisis has emerged since 2008,owing to the stimuli launched by Chinese government,the Chinese steel industry has been keeping an increasing tendency. In 2010,the annual steel production of China was raised to 626.65Mt（iron production 590.21 Mt ）.This paper describes the development in Chinese ironmaking field in the past decade and forecasts the future possible difficulties.The challenges to Chinese ironmaking industry will be the insufficiency of natural resources,the unreasonable structure of blast furnace ironmaking,the over-consumption of energy and the heavy impact on global environment.The healthy development of Chinese ironmaking industry depends on how we could deal with these challenges.