轻工业纤维素生物质过程残渣能源化技术

以农产品为原料的轻工业大都是典型的流程工业,在通过转化过程将原料转化为食品、饮料、添加剂、调味料、纸和中成药等产品的同时产生被称为过程残渣的固体废物与废料,如白酒糟、酒精糟、醋糟、甘蔗渣、中药渣、油粕、酱渣、菌渣和造纸黑液可熔渣等.这些残渣产生于特定的生产过程,富含纤维素、蛋白质或木质素,因此代表一种已经被集中的生物质资源.它们同时含水50%-80%、易腐烂变质、甚至呈弱酸碱性,因此是重要的环境污染源.本文着眼于轻工生物质过程残渣的高值化利用,分析指出富含纤维素的白酒糟、醋糟、甘蔗渣、中药渣、茶渣和造纸边角料等适合作为生物质能源而被转化利用,并根据资源特征提出了可能的技术路线.通过分别对热化学路线涉及的脱水干燥、燃烧发电与气化发电技术和集成乙醇发酵、沼气发酵的复合转化技术进行技术综述,最后针对不同规模的富含纤维素轻工生物质过程残渣能源化提供了技术选择建议.

Energy Production with Light-Industry Biomass Process Residues Rich in Cellulose

As a kind of typical process industries, light industry with agricultural feedstock has to produce solid waste materials, which are called process residues, along with its conversion of the feedstock into food, drink, medicine and paper products. Typical process residues from light industry include bagasse , lees of spirit, alcohol and vinegar, grounds of Chinese herbs, tea and coffee, cakes of oil and soy sauce, debris of antibiotic and organic acids, and soluble grains in liquors. Being produced in certain industrial processes, these residues represent a kind of biomass resources that are concentrated already and rich in cellulose, protein or lignin. But they are also potential pollutants because the residues are easy to rot at their water contents of 50 %-80 %, while some of them are even slightly acidic and alkaline. The article concerns the comprehensive utilization of light-industry biomass process residues. On composition basis it argues that production of energy is the suitable way to use the residues rich in cellulose, including bagasse, lees of spirit and vinegar, grounds of Chinese herbs, tea and coffee, and leftover scraps in paper industry. After a discussion on the feasible technical routes to implement the energy production, an overview is made to clarify the status and trends of the related technologies covering dewatering/drying, combustion and gasification for thermochemical conversion and ethanol and biogas fermentations for bioconversion. This resulted in a suggestion of an array of optional technologies for producing energy from cellulosic light-industry biomass process residues at different energy capacities.