青鱼对8种饲料原料中营养物质的表观消化率

本试验旨在研究青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)对国产鱼粉、蝇蛆粉、玉米蛋白粉、大豆粕、花生粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕和米糠8种饲料原料干物质、粗蛋白质、氨基酸、粗脂肪、总磷和总能的表观消化率。试验饲料由70%基础饲料和30%待测饲料原料组成,并以0.1%的三氧化二钇(Y2O3)为外源指示剂。选取平均体重为(60.17±1.28)g的青鱼270尾,随机分成9组,每组3个重复,每个重复10尾鱼。对照组试验鱼饲喂基础饲料,试验组试验鱼分别饲喂1种试验饲料。饲喂1周后采用自排法收集粪便待测。结果表明:8种饲料原料的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总磷、总能以及总氨基酸的表观消化率的范围分别是62.17%～86.47%、83.34%～95.84%、78.93%～100.06%、37.33%～81.99%、66.75%～89.86%、86.33%～96.58%。在8种饲料原料中,玉米蛋白粉的干物质、总磷和总能的表观消化率最高,而大豆粕的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和总氨基酸的表观消化率最高;棉籽粕的干物质和总能的表观消化率最低,米糠的粗脂肪和总磷的表观消化率最低。各饲料原料中总氨基酸表观消化率与粗蛋白质表观消化率的变化趋势一致,其中以蝇蛆粉最低。由此可见,大豆粕和玉米蛋白粉是青鱼的优质植物蛋白质源,可适量替代鱼粉;蝇蛆粉中粗蛋白质和氨基酸的消化率都较低,在青鱼饲料中的添加量不宜过高;花生粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕也是较好的植物性蛋白质源,在青鱼饲料中适量添加既有利于饲料的营养平衡,还可降低饲料成本;米糠作为青鱼的能量原料必须保持新鲜,并控制其在饲料中的用量。

Nutrient Apparent Digestibility of Eight Feed Ingredients for Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus Richardson)

The apparent digestibility of dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),amino acids(AA),ether extract(EE),total phosphorus(TP) and gross energy(GE) of domestic fish meal,maggot meal,corn gluten meal,soybean meal,peanut meal,cottonseed meal,rapeseed meal and rice bran were determined for black carp(Mylopharyngodon piceus Richardson).The test diets consisted of 70% basal diet and 30% test feed ingredients,and added 0.1% Y2O3 as an indicator.Two hundred and seventy black carp with an average body weight of(60.17±1.28) g were randomly divided into 9 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 10 fish in each replicate.The fish in control group were fed a basal diet,and those in experiment groups were randomly fed one of 8 experimental diets.The fecal samples were collected by abdominal pressure method after one week.The results showed that apparent digestibility of DM,CP,EE,TP,GE and total AA of eight feed ingredients were 62.17% to 86.47%,83.34% to 95.84%,78.93% to 100.06%,37.33% to 81.99%,66.75% to 89.86% and 86.33% to 96.58%,respectively.In the eight feed ingredients,the highest apparent digestibility of DM,TP and GE was found in corn gluten meal,while soybean meal had the highest apparent digestibility of CP,EE and total AA.The lowest apparent digestibility of DM and GE was found in cottonseed meal,and rice bran had the lowest apparent digestibility of EE and TP.The apparent digestibility of CP was consistent with the apparent digestibility of total AA in the eight feed ingredients,and the lowest apparent digestibility of CP and total AA was found in maggot meal.In conclusion,soybean meal and corn gluten meal can be used as high-quality plant protein sources to serve as alternative fish meal in feed of black carp.The apparent digestibility of CP and AA is lower in maggot meal,so the amount of maggot meal in feed should not be too high.Peanut meal,cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal are also good plant protein sources in feed and conducive to the nutritional balance and reduce feed costs.Rice bran as an energy material of black carp must be kept fresh,and its dosage should be properly controlled in feed.