云贵川渝2012-2015年腹泻病原谱分析

目的 了解云南省、四川省、贵州省和重庆市腹泻病原流行特征.方法 回顾性分析2012-2015年4省市监测点对应哨点医院收集的腹泻病例特征,归纳分析4省市腹泻病原的构成情况.结果 腹泻病例约从每年的7月份开始增加,9-11月达到峰值,男性为女性的1.49倍,2岁以下病例占66.49％(3 489例).腹泻病毒和细菌检出率分别是30.90％(1 305/4223)和9.50％(364/3 830),寄生虫检出3例.四川、云南、重庆以轮状病毒为主要的腹泻病毒,分别占43.06％、56.90％和49.87％,贵州省主要是诺如病毒(38.18％).腹泻细菌病原谱贵州省和云南省以致泻性大肠埃希菌为主,分别占51.09％和76.30％,而四川省和重庆市是非伤寒沙门菌占优势,分别占50.41％和81.58％.仅病毒感染的腹泻患者占76.83％,细菌感染次之,病毒和细菌混合感染6.03％.结论 腹泻患者婴幼儿较多,病毒为主要病原体,应加强夏秋季节婴幼儿腹泻性疾病的防控工作.

Analysis on diarrhea pathogens in Yunnan,Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing from 2012 to 2015

Objective To explore the epidemic characteristics of diarrhea pathogens in Yunnan,Sichuan and Guizhou province as well as Chongqing municipality.Methods Diarrhea cases were collected and retrospectively analyzed from sentinel hospitals in 4 provinces and city from 2012 to 2015.The pathogen composition was summarized.Results Diarrhea cases began to increase in July every year,and reached the peak from September to November.Male cases were 1.49 times more than female ones.Patients under 2 years old accounted for 66.49％ (3 489 cases).Detection rates of diarrhea viruses and bacteria were 30.90％ (1 305/4 223) and 9.50％ (364/3 830),while 3 cases were parasitic infection.Rotavirus was the major virus detected in Sichuan,Yunnan and Chongqing accounting for 43.06％,56.90％ and 49.87％,respectively.Norovirus was the major virus detected in Guizhou (38.18％).Escherichia coli was common in the bacterial diarrhea cases in Guizhou and Yunnan accounting for 51.09％ and 76.30％,respectively.Nontyphoidal Salmonella was prevalent in Sichuan and Chongqing accounting for 50.41％ and 81.58％,respectively.The proportion of diarrhea patients with viral infection was 76.83％,following by bacterial infection,and the proportion of mixed infection of virus and bacteria was 6.03％.Conclusions Diarrhea is commonly seen in infants and young children,and viruses are the major pathogens.Measures should be taken to strengthen the control and prevention of diarrhea diseases in children in summer and autumn.