噪声对阶跃信号上升时间测量不确定度的影响

为了更准确地反映阶跃信号上升时间测量过程中可能存在的不确定度来源、提高测量结果的可信度，对噪声引入的阶跃信号上升时间测量不确定度分量开展了数值仿真和试验分析。结果表明，信噪比对上升时间测量不确定度存在显著影响，在信噪比较低的情况下，噪声引起的上升时间测量不确定度成为主要来源。通过比较Savitzky?Golay平滑算法和移动平均平滑算法在阶跃信号上升时间计算中的应用效果，发现采用适当的平滑算法可以降低噪声引入的不确定度分量，其中，移动平均平滑算法的效果更好。本研究有助于提高动态信号测量结果的可靠性和准确性，对航空、航天、汽车等领域的动态信号测试不确定度分析具有重要的参考价值。

The impact of noise on the measurement uncertainty of step signal rise time

In order to more accurately reflect the sources of uncertainty in the measurement process of the rise time of step signals and improve the credibility of measurement results, numerical simulations and experimental analyses were conducted on the uncertainty components of step signal rise time measurement introduced by noise. The results indicate that the signal?to?noise ratio significantly influences the uncertainty of rise time measurements. In situations with low signal?to?noise ratio, the uncertainty in rise time measurements caused by noise becomes the main source. By comparing the application effects of the Savitzky?Golay smoothing algorithm and the moving average smoothing algorithm in the calculation of rise time for step signals, it was found that the use of an appropriate smoothing algorithm can reduce the uncertainty components introduced by noise, with the moving average smoothing algorithm showing better performance. This study contributes to improving the reliability and accuracy of dynamic signal measurement results, and is of significant reference value for uncertainty analysis in dynamic signal testing in the fields such as aviation, aerospace, and automotive industries.