Synthesis of polylactide/clay composites using structurally different kaolinites and kaolinite nanotubes |
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| Authors: | Jakub Matusik Ewa Stodolak Krzysztof Bahranowski |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;2. Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;1. China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China;2. University of North Dakota, United States;3. China National Offshore Oil Corporation, China;4. PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, China;1. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Oviedo, Spain;2. Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;3. Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain;1. Huabei Oilfield Company, China National Petroleum Corporation, Renqiu, 062552, China;3. Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources and Reservoir Formation Process, Ministry of Education, School of Mineral Resource and Geoscience, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China;4. CSIRO Energy, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia;1. School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia;2. School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia;3. School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, WA 6009, Australia;4. Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Polymer/clay nanocomposites receive much attention due to their interesting mechanical and thermal properties. Currently, the vast majority of plastics are made from petroleum-based synthetic polymers that do not degrade in a natural environment and their disposal poses a serious problem. An environmentally-conscious alternative is to design polymer nanocomposites that are biodegradable.In the present work the synthesis and properties of novel polymer/clay nanocomposites based on biodegradable polymer-polylactide (PLA) were investigated. Kaolinite nanotubes obtained by an intercalation/deintercalation method as well as platey kaolinites of different structural orders were used as fillers. Mechanical properties of composites (tensile strength (SU) and Young's modulus (E)) were measured. The surface of the formed polymer derivatives was examined by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). The structural characterization was carried out using infrared spectroscopy (IR). Composites surface wettability was studied by measuring the water contact angle.The mechanical tests revealed that both SU and E values increased significantly after addition of the nano-filler in comparison to the pure PLA. Regardless of the filler content the increase of SU and E values was higher in the case of the nanotubular kaolinite. In particular, a threefold increase of the E value was noticed. For the most homogeneous kaolinite nanotubes/PLA nanocomposite SU increased from ~ 29 MPa (pure PLA) to ~ 43 MPa, while E increased from ~ 0.7 GPa (pure PLA) to ~ 2.3 GPa. These mechanical parameters were comparable with the ones measured for polypropylene (SU = 40 MPa; E = 1.5–2.0 GPa) and polystyrene (SU = 40 MPa; E = 3.0–3.5 GPa). Differential IR spectra of the nanocomposites indicated an interaction of kaolinites inner surface hydroxyls with PLA which was confirmed by an intensity decrease of a band at ~ 3690 cm? 1. The presence of highly dispersed nanotubular kaolinite particles in the polymer matrix which contributed to the improvement of PLA mechanical properties was observed using AFM. The contact angle measurements showed that the addition of kaolinites led to changes of wettability, yet the synthesized materials still possessed hydrophilic surfaces. |
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