九种滇产药用植物体外抗菌作用及其活性部位的初步研究

目的测定9种滇产药用植物的80%乙醇提取物及石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取部分体外抗菌活性。方法制备9种药材的80%乙醇浸膏及其石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取物,对其进行抗菌活性的筛选。通过微量稀释法测定其最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果 9种提取物的醇提物及萃取部分中,大叶藤黄和滇南红厚壳的乙酸乙酯部分、粗糠茶的乙醇浸膏及乙酸乙酯部分对标准金黄色葡萄球菌的活性最好,抑菌圈均为19 mm,MIC分别为128、1024、1024、256μg·ml-1;小叶藤黄的乙酸乙酯部分对铜绿假单胞菌活性最好,抑菌圈为20 mm,MIC为2048μg·ml-1;粗糠茶的乙酸乙酯部分对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶肺炎克雷伯菌的活性最好,抑菌圈为17 mm,MIC〉2048μg·ml-1;蓝叶藤的正丁醇部分对标准大肠埃希菌、产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌、白假丝酵母菌、光滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌、烟曲霉菌的抑菌圈分别为26、28、34、30、15、38 mm,MIC分别为1024、256、512、1024、1024、128μg·ml-1。结论 9种中药中,蓝叶藤的正丁醇部分具有广谱抗菌活性,特别是对烟曲霉菌也有一定的抑制作用。

in vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Extracts from Nine Medicinal Plants

Objective To determine the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts from 9 medicinal plants growing in Yunnan. Methods Plant materials were extracted with 80% EtOH. After the solvent was evaporated,the resultant extracts were then extracted with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-BuOH and water successively. All the extracts were subjected to screen of the antibacterial and antifungal activity by the agar hole diffusion test. The minimum inhibitory concentration（ MIC） and minimum bactericidal concentration（ MBC） were determined by serial dilution with a standard broth microdilution method. Results Among the 9 plant extracts,the ethyl acetate extracts of Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. Anders. and Calophyllum polyanthum Wall. ex Choisy,the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Mallotus philippensis（ Lam.） Muell. Arg. exhibited higher inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. Their inhibition zone diameters（ IZD） were 19 mm,and MICs were 128,1024,1024,256 μg·ml- 1,respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Garcinia cowa showed strong activity against Pseudomonas aeruginos with IZD and MIC at 20 mm and2048 μg·ml- 1,respectively.The ethyl acetate extract of Mallotus philippensis（ Lam.） Muell. Arg. had higher activity against Extended-spectrum β-lactamases（ ESBLs） producing Klebsiella pneumoniae,with the IZD and MIC at 17 mm and 2048 μg·ml- 1,respectively. The activities of the n-BuOH extract fromMarsdenia tinctoriaR. Br. against Escherichia coli,ESBLs producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Candida albicans,C. glabrata,C. tropicalis,Aspergillus fumigatus were the highest with the IZD at 26,28,34,15 and 38 mm,and MICs at 1024,256,512,1024,1024 and 128μg·ml- 1,respectively. Conclusion The n-BuOH extract of Marsdenia tinctoria R. Br. shows promising broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity,especially to Aspergillus fumigatus.