人类活动对流域旱涝事件影响研究进展

人类活动对流域旱涝事件具有决定性影响,已经成为国内外热点研究问题之一。通过系统分析国内外人类活动对流域旱涝事件影响机理的研究,结果表明:人类活动导致大气温室气体和气溶胶含量上升,全球气候变化加剧,导致流域极端水文过程时空格局改变。另一方面,人类活动引起的土地退化将影响流域水资源时空分布和水循环过程,削弱流域防洪抗旱能力;水利工程的修建将增大流域储水状况,有效应对流域旱涝事件,但同时存在加剧流域旱涝事件的风险。此外,论文还概述了人类活动对流域旱涝事件影响的量化方法。

Advances in the Study of Anthropogenic Effects on the Drought and Flood Events

The drought and the flood, which are strongly affected by artificial activities, have become one of the hottest issues worldwide. In this study, we analyzed the advances in the mechanisms of the drought and the flood events affected by the artificial activities, and the results showed that the increasing flux of greenhouse gases and concentration of aerosol in the atmosphere due to artificial activities have accelerated the global-climate change process. Furthermore, the spatio-temporal patterns of the extreme hydrological processes have also been changed. In addition, the land degradation has altered the spatio-temporal distribution of water resource and the hydrological cycle, which has further weakened the ability of flood control and drought relief. Although the hydrological projects can re-allocate the water storage in the basin, to cope with the drought and flood events, however, it could also exacerbate the drought and flood in the meantime. Based on the results mentioned above, we further discussed the quantitative analytical methods of the influence from human activities upon the drought and the flood.