基于人类可持续发展指数的中国1990—2010年人类-环境系统可持续性评价

中国经济的快速发展对人类-环境系统造成了巨大压力。如何全面地评估中国人类-环境系统可持续性已成为当前可持续性科学的一个研究热点。论文基于"人类可持续发展指数"在国家、区域和省三个尺度上系统评价了中国人类-环境系统1990—2010年的可持续性。研究结果表明,2010年中国人类-环境系统可持续性为中上水平,总体呈现东高西低的空间格局。1990—2010年中国人类-环境系统可持续性表现为增长趋势,中西部可持续性增长快于东部。经济和社会可持续性指标呈增加趋势,环境可持续性指标为下降趋势。可见,中国人类-环境系统可持续性的空间格局与动态变化均不协调,需进一步促进中西部社会经济发展及加强生态文明建设以实现社会、经济与环境可持续性的全面提高。

Assessing the Human-environment System Sustainability in China from 1990 to 2010 Based on Human Sustainable Development Index

China's human-environment system is threatened by the rapid growth of economy. Now, how to estimate China's human-environment system sustainability comprehensively and efficiently is becoming an important issue in the studies of sustainability science. This paper systematically assessed the human-environment system sustainability in China from 1990 to 2010 at national, regional, and provincial scales, using the Human Sustainable Development Index (HSDI). The results showed that the sustainability of human-environment system in China was on the upper-middle level in 2010, with low values in Central China and Western China and high value in Eastern China. From 1990 to 2010, the human-environment system sustainability in China increased obviously. HSDI of China increased from 0.65 in 1990 to 0.83 in 2010, increased by 0.18 or 27.69%. The sustainability indicators changed differently in terms of region and dimension. The sustainability in Central China and Western China grew faster than that in Eastern China, and the growth rates of sustainability in Central, Western and Eastern China were 17.65%, 20.00% and 13.89%, respectively. Both the economic sustainability indicator and social sustainability indicator rose, whereas the environmental sustainability indicator decreased. From the perspectives of spatial patterns and dynamic changes, the human-environment system sustainability in China was unbalanced, so we should further promote the socio-economic development in Central and Western China, and enhance the construction of ecological civilization to improve the sustainability of society, economy and environment comprehensively.