地震属性解释技术的研究及确定性分析

随着油气勘探开发的不断发展，储层预测、属性分析等技术得到了广泛的应用，在生产中取得了较好的效果。但地震属性的概念，分类方法，地震属性之间、地震属性与储层参数之间的相互关系仍较模糊，各种地震属性解释方法虽然种类繁多，但缺乏系统的研究，这使得地震属性在应用中存在较大的不确定性。文章通过系统研究地震属性的概念、储层地震响应的基本特征，提出了地震响应的核心是反映地震波在介质传播过程中的能量变化，所有能引起地震能量发生变化的介质的不均质性均可导致地震属性的变化，由此提出了一种新的地震属性分类方法，并认为大部分地震属性只是基本属性在不同域中的不同表现形式。在分析现有地震解释技术的基础上，提出了对地震属性解释的新认识，强调了地震属性对地层岩性油气藏勘探的重要性，对属性间的关系及地震属性解释技术的确定性进行了研究，提出了岩性油气藏地震解释的工作流程及对地震资料采集和处理的要求。

STUDY OF SEISMIC ATTRIBUTE INTERPRETATION TECHNOLOGIES AND DETERMINISTIC ANALYSIS

New seismic exploration technologies such as reservoir prediction and attribute analysis have been widely and successfully applied to petroleum exploration and development. However, concepts and classification of seismic attributes and relationships among different seismic attributes and between seismic attributes and formation parameters are still ambiguous. Though there are many interpretation methods of seismic attributes, relevant systematic study has been rarely performed, resulting in relatively large uncertainty in respect of seismic attributes application. Based on systematic study of the concepts of seismic attributes and the essential characteristics of reservoir seismic responses, it is believed that the core of seismic response is to reflect the change of seismic wave energy during propagation in media, and that all kinds of heterogeneity of media that can change seismic wave energy may cause change of seismic attributes. A new classification of seismic attributes is presented and most of the seismic attributes are thought to be different manifestations of the basic attributes in different domains. Based on analysis of the available seismic interpretation technologies, this paper presents new understanding of seismic attribute interpretation, emphasizes the importance of seismic attributes to exploration of stratigraphic and lithologic reservoirs, studies the relationship between different attributes and the determinacy of seismic attribute interpretation technologies, establishes work flow of seismic interpretation of lithologic reservoirs, and presents requirements to seismic acquisition and processing.