考虑车辆调度和调度员分配的共享汽车混合车队规模优化

针对电动汽车存在充电续航问题与传统燃油汽车存在环境污染问题的矛盾，本文提出共 享汽车混合车队规模优化方法。首先，在不考虑成本条件下，分析动态车辆调度和实时调度员分 配对共享汽车系统需求满足和车辆利用的影响。然后，针对由传统内燃汽车、混合动力汽车、插 入式混合动力汽车和纯电动汽车构成的混合共享汽车系统，考虑车辆调度和调度员分配，以运营 商利润最大化为目标，CO2排放量和道路拥堵为约束，构建混合车队规模优化模型。通过Matlab 调用Gurobi求解器求解上述混合整数线性规划模型。最后，以成都市为例，分析不同CO2排放量 约束，以及车辆调度对共享汽车运营商利润、不同类型的车队规模、车辆利用率和用户需求满足 率的影响。同时，比较单一车队和混合车队共享汽车系统，结果显示，混合车队和单一插入式混 合动力车队可以实现经济效益和环境效益的双赢，是目前最适合共享汽车系统发展的模式。

Car-following Behavior and Model of Chinese Drivers under Snow and Ice Conditions

This paper analyzes the driver's driving behavior characteristics under snow and ice conditions and establishes a car- following model to consider the driver's behavior characteristics. By conducting a real-car following experiment, the driving behaviors of the drivers are compared under normal conditions and snow and ice conditions. Based on the theory of task difficulty balance, a task difficulty module containing human factors parameters is constructed, and it is introduced into the improved Intelligent Driver Model. The vehicle trajectory data is used to calibrate and verify the validity of the model. Research shows that, when affected by external stimuli and his own driving ability, the driver will dynamically adjust the driving state in real time during the carfollowing process, to keep the expected distance and the speed consistent with the vehicle ahead. Under snow and ice conditions, drivers' choices of time headway and variation of time headway fluctuation amplitude are different, and human factor parameters introduced by the model can better capture such difference. The validation of the model indicated that the performance of the new model was better than the traditional IDM model in 6 simulation scenes, and it has better robustness. The research results can provide theoretical support for the formulation of traffic management measures under snow and ice conditions.