CT引导下~(125)I放射性粒子治疗胰腺癌的疗效观察

目的 探讨CT引导下~(125)I放射性粒子植入治疗胰腺癌技术的可行性和疗效.方法 对40例不能手术切除的晚期胰腺癌患者作CT引导下植入~(125)I粒子治疗.术前采用治疗计划系统(TPS)重建胰腺肿瘤的三维立体图像,计算出植入的~(125)I粒子数目、空间分布和剂量分布率,在CT引导下将~(125)I粒子植入胰腺肿瘤内,采用~(125)I粒子活度为0.5～0.8 mCi/颗,相隔1.0 cm植入,避开血管和胰管等周围重要脏器.放射性粒子的肿瘤匹配周边剂量(matched peripheral dose,MPD)为60～140 Gy.中位植入粒子36颗(18～68颗),术后即刻行CT扫描进行粒子质量验证.术后1周10例患者给予吉西他滨和5-Fu动脉灌注化疗,3～4个疗程.结果 全组肿瘤平均直径为4.9 cm.治疗后随访2～28个月,术后患者顽固性疼痛症状明显缓解(P<0.05),Karnofsky评分显著提高(P<0.05).平均术后2～5 d疼痛开始缓解.术后2个月CT随访,肿瘤完全缓解(CR)3例,部分缓解(PR)20例,无变化(NC)14例,进展(PD)3例.总有效率(CR+PR)为57.5%.全组中位生存时间为10.2个月.Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期粒子植入术后中位生存期分别为14.7、10.9及7.1个月;6个月和12个月累计生存率分别为100%、88%、62%和70%、41%、0.其中5例合并肝转移患者,则同时行动脉栓塞治疗.3例患者术后随访发现4颗粒子迁移到肝脏内.在随访过程中未见上消化道出血、胰腺炎、胰瘘及放射性肠炎等并发症.结论 CT引导下植入~(125)I放射性粒子治疗胰腺癌,近期疗效确切,具有良好的止痛效果,是一种安全、有效、并发症发生率低的微创治疗方法,粒子治疗后联合化疗药物动脉灌注治疗,有望提高疗效,远期疗效尚待进一步随访和观察.

Clinical efficacy of CT-guided ~(125)I seed implantation therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer

Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy of CT-guided radioactive ~(125)I seed implantation treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancer. Methods Forty patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer were enrolled in this study, including 25 males and 15 females with an median age of 69 years (38-89 years). Treatment planning system (TPS) was used to reconstruct 3-dimensional images of pancreatic tumor and to define the quantity and distribution of ~(125)I seeds. The radioactivity of ~(125)I seeds was 0.5-0.8 mCi/seed. The seeds were implanted into pancreatic tumor under CT guidance at intervals of 1 cm and were kept away from vessels, pancreatic duct and other adjacent important organs. The tumor matched peripheral dose (MPD) was 60-140 Gy. The median amount of implanted ~(125)I seeds was 36 (18-68) in number. CT scan was performed immediately after the procedure to check the quality of the seeds. In addition, 10 patients received concurrent chemotherapy with arterial infusion of gemcitabin and 5-fluororacil (5-Fu) for 3 to 4 therapeutic courses. Results The median diameter of the tumors was 4.9 cm. The follow-up period was 2 to 28 months. After the treatment the refractory pain was significantly relieved (P < 0.05), and Karnofsky score was dramatically increased (P < 0.05). Most patients experienced relief of pain within 2-5 days after implantation. Two months after treatment, on CT scans the tumors showed completed relief (CR) in 3 cases, partial relief (PR) in 20 cases, no change (NC) in 14 cases and progression (PD) in 3 cases. The overall effective rate (CR+PR) was 57.5%. The median survival time for all patients was 10.2 months, while it was 14.7 months, 10.9 months and 7.1 months for patients in stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲ and stage IV respectively. For patients in stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ, the 6-month cumulative survival rate was 100%, 88% and 62% respectively, while the 12-month cumulative survival rate was 70% , 41% and 0% respectively. After the therapy, liver metastasis occurred in 5 cases and chemoembolization was employed. In three patients, immigration of four radioactive seeds to the liver was found. No serious complications, such as upper GI bleeding, pancreatitis, pancreatic fistula formation and radiation colitis, occurred during the follow-up period. Conclusion CT-guided radioactive ~(125)I seed implantation is a safe, effective and minimally-invasive brachytherapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer with reliable short-term efficacy. It has an excellent anti-pain effect. The curative results can be further improved when chemotherapy is employed together. However, its long-term efficacy needs to be observed.