高脂饮食对SD大鼠排便状况和粪便菌群的影响及其意义

目的：观察高脂饮食对大鼠肠道菌群、粪便质量及其含水量的影响，探讨高脂饮食在肥胖发生中的作用及其意义。方法：20只SD大鼠随机分为基础饲料组（ND组）和高脂饲料组（HF组），每组10只，分别喂饲基础饲料和高脂饲料，第1、15、30和49天分别取大鼠新鲜粪便进行质量、水分及菌群分析。结果：第49天ND组大鼠粪便湿质量和粪便含水率分别为（6.61±0.17）g和（37.07±3.04）%，HF组大鼠粪便湿质量和粪便含水率分别为（4.46±0.30）g和（18.04±2.23）%，与ND组比较均明显降低（P<0.05）；与ND组大鼠比较，从第7天开始HF组大鼠粪便颗粒数明显升高(P<0.05)；第49天HF组大鼠粪便菌群发生了明显改变，其中肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌和拟杆菌计数较第1天明显降低（P<0.05），而大肠杆菌计数明显上升（P<0.05）。结论：高脂饮食可导致大鼠粪便质量减少，粪便含水量下降，粪便颗粒变小而粒数增加，肠道菌群结构改变，提示上述改变可能进一步促进肥胖的形成。

Influence of high-fat diet in intestinal flora and fecal weight in SD rats and its significance

Objective To investigate the influence of high-fat diet in the intestinal flora,fecal weight and its water content in rats,and to clarify the effect and significance of high-fat diet in the occurrence of obesity forming.Methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into normal diet(ND)group and high-fat diet(HF)group(n=10).The rats in ND group were fed with normal diet,and the rats in HF group were fed with diet rich in oil and fat.The fresh feces were collected separately on days 1,15,30,and 49for analysis of weight,water content,and intestinal flora.Results On the 49th day,the wet weight and water content of feces of the rats in ND group were(6.61±0.17)g and(37.07±3.04)%,respectively,while those in HF group were(4.46±0.30)g and(18.04±2.23)%(P<0.05).Compared with ND group,the fecal pellets in HF group were increased obviously from the 7th day(P<0.05).There were obvious changes in intestinal microbial populations of HF group.The counts of enterococci,bifidobacteria,Lactobacillus,Bacteroides bacteria were significantly decreased on the day 49,but the count of Escherichia coli was increased significantly(P < 0.05).Conclusion High-fat diet can result in decrease for weight,water content,and pellets of feces;it can change the structure of intestinal flora.As result,there is a possibility that all of changes above can promote obesity in the future.