基于钛合金丝材的增材制造技术研究进展

金属增材制造技术自诞生以来，经快速发展，已在诸多领域得到了广泛的应用，被列入决定未来经济的十二大颠覆性技术之一。基于丝材的金属增材制造技术由于其沉积效率高、制造成本低、制造周期短和材料利用率高，近年来成为国内外研究和应用的热点。本文以钛合金丝材为原材料，针对广泛采用的电弧/等离子弧熔丝、电子束熔丝和激光熔丝增材制造技术，分别从成形工艺参数优化、宏微观组织结构分析、后热处理组织性能调控及专用原材料开发等方面所取得的最新研究成果进行了详细论述。在此基础之上，介绍了基于钛合金丝材的增材制造在工程化应用及相关标准规范的制定情况。最后，指出钛合金丝材增材制造技术在组织和性能等方面存在的固有不足，提出了采用锻造+增材复合成形复合后处理和专用丝材研制等方法，并建立有别于传统锻造和铸造的新标准体系，有助于推广其在各领域的大规模应用。

ReseResearch Progress of AM Technology Based on Titanium Alloy Wire

Since the development of metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology, it has been widely used in many fields and has been included in the twelve disruptive technologies that determine the future economy. In recent years, metal wire-based AM technology has become the focus of AM research and application, due to its high deposition efficiency, low manufacturing cost, short manufacturing cycle and high material utilization rate. This paper discussed the latest research achievements in optimization of forming process parameters, analysis of macrostructure and microstructure, regulation of post-heat treatment microstructure and properties and development of special raw materials in detail, focusing on widely used wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), electron beam free form fabrication (EBF3) and laser and wire additive manufacturing (LWAM) based on titanium alloy wire. On this basis, the application of additive manufacturing based on titanium alloy wire in engineering and the formulation of relevant standards were introduced. Finally, the paper pointed out the inherent defects of the additive manufacturing technology of titanium alloy wire in terms of structure, properties, etc., put forward the methods of forging and additive manufacturing hybrid process, composite post-treatment and special wire development, and suggested establishing a new standard system which was different from traditional forging and casting one. The above suggestions were all helpful to promote large-scale applications of the additive manufacturing technology of titanium alloy wire in various fields.