湖泊分类体系及综合分区研究与展望

湖滩围垦、围网养殖等开发利用容易引发一系列的生态环境问题,已引起政府和越来越多学者的重视。开展湖泊分类分区研究是推动湖沼科学发展的一项重要基础研究,有助于深化对湖泊形成、发育、演变和消亡全过程的认识;同时也是强化湖泊管理、维护湖泊健康的先决条件。针对湖泊的分类与分区,首先分类阐述了国内外学者对于湖泊概念内涵的不同观点,并在此基础上重新给出了湖泊的定义;其次,重点从湖盆成因、湖泊水文、湖泊所含物质及湖泊-河流关系4个方面剖析了当前湖泊分类体系,进而针对国内外湖泊分区的已有研究成果进行了系统梳理;最后,提出了当前湖泊分类分区研究中存在的不足,并结合我国湖泊保护修复和湖沼学的发展趋势,前瞻了未来的研究方向。

Study and prospect of lake classification system and its comprehensive zoning

Lakes are important natural resources with a long history of exploitation. However, destructive exploitation activities, such as lake reclamation and net enclosure aquaculture, can lead to a series of ecological environmental problems, which have drawn attentions from government and increasing number of scholars. The classification and zoning of lakes is a critical and fundamental study for promoting scientific development of lakes and swamps, and deepening the understanding of the whole process of lake formation, development, evolution and extinction. It is also the precondition for strengthening management and protection of the lakes. Based on different perspectives on the concept of lakes put forward by scholars abroad and at home, we first redefined the definition of lakes and analyzed the existing lake classification system under four perspectives, i.e. lake basin formation, lake hydrology, contents of the lakes and relationship between lakes and rivers, and then systematically reviewed the existing research results of lake zoning domestically and overseas. Finally, we pointed out the shortages in the current studies and by observing the developing trend of lake restoration and protection, as well as limnology in China, in addition, predicted the future research direction.