论国有大中型企业的铁路运输

我国绝大多数的国有大中型企业,尤其是特大型企业,其外部运输方式主要为铁路运输。铁路运输是一种现代化运输方式,具有运输能力大,运送速度较快,运输距离长、安全程度高、运输准时方便、运输成本低廉以及受气候条件影响较小等特点,而国有大中型企业特别是钢铁厂、炼铜厂,需要运输的量较大,货源较稳定,因此,其外部运输大多数采用铁路运输的方式。如,一个钢铁厂每年生产1t钢便产生6t的铁路运量。笔者所在的江西铜业公司贵溪冶炼厂,在国内同行业铜产量第一,在世界排名第3位,它每生产1t铜需要产生5t的铁路运量。2012年年产铜103.48万t,产生铁路运量511万t,有部份管道运输与公路运输,铁路运输占企业的绝大部分。从数字表明,研究国有大中型企业的铁路运输,对企业或铁路部门都有具有十分重大的意义。

Discussion on the Railway Transportation of the Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises

The enterprises external transportation of the majority of our state - owned large and medium - sized enterprises, espe- cially large enterprises, is railway transportation. The railway transportation is a modem means of transport. It has the characteristics of large transport capacity, fast transport speed, long transport distance, high safety, convenient transportation time, low transport cost and minor possibility affected by the climate condition. Large and medium - sized state - owned enterprises especially steel mills and copper smelting plant, they have a large transport volume, stable goods supply, therefore, most enterprises have adopted the railway as their external transport mode. For example, a steel factory with annual steel production of one ton brought 6 tons of railway traffic. JCC Guixi smelter where the author works ranks first on copper production among the same industry and ranks third in the world, in which one ton of copper brings 5 tons of railway traffic. In 2012, with an annual output of 1. 0348 million tons of copper bringing 5.11 million tons of railway traffic, railway transport is the major way for enterprises, highway and pipeline transportation plays a small part. The figures indicate that the study on the railway transportation of large and medium - sized state - owned enterprises has a great signifi- cance to enterprises or railway department.