6~14岁慢性咳嗽患儿病因及流行病学调查

目的调查6~14岁儿童慢性咳嗽发生情况及导致其发生的危险因素。方法采用问卷调查的形式对秦皇岛市6~14岁儿童慢性咳嗽发生情况和相关资料进行统计。结果共发放调查问卷4000份,有效回收3785份,回收率94.63%,6~14岁儿童慢性咳嗽发生率为5.13%(194/3785)。其中男童患病率和女童患病率分别为5.43%(101/1859)和4.83%(93/1926),差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.641,P=0.873)。工业镇地区6.70%(64/955)儿童发病率显著高于城区4.43%(85/1917)和农业镇4.93%(45/913)(χ²=55.082,P=0.000)。危险因素显示过敏原长期接触,过敏体质,哮喘、鼻炎和反流性食道炎等鼻咽喉疾病及被动吸烟与慢性咳嗽发生相关(χ²=17.833,43.370,194.466,27.773,101.92,11.268,P=0.000)。回归模型分析显示,哮喘、鼻炎、过敏原长期暴露是慢性咳嗽发生的独立危险因素(χ²=15.352,10.174,12.625,12.659,P=0.000)。结论秦皇岛市6~14岁儿童中,居工业镇儿童较其他城区儿童发病率较高,风险性较大。哮喘、鼻炎、过敏原长期暴露是慢性咳嗽发生的主要原因。

Etiology and epidemiology of chronic cough aged 6-14 years in children

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of chronic cough in children aged 6-14 years.Methods The incidence of chronic cough in children aged 6-14 years in Qinhuangdao city was investigated by questionnaire.Results A total of 4000 questionnaires were distributed,3785 of them were effectively recovered,with the recovery rate of 94.6%.The incidence of chronic cough in children aged 6-14 was 5.1%(194/3785).The prevalence rates of boys and girls were 5.4%(101/1859)and 4.8%(93/1926),respectively,with no significant difference(χ²=0.641,P=0.873).The incidence rate of children in industrial town area 6.7%(64/955)was significantly higher than that in urban area 4.4%(85/1917)and agricultural town 4.9%(45/913)(χ²=55.082,P=0.000).The risk factors showed that chronic cough was associated with long-term allergen exposure,allergic constitution,asthma,rhinitis,reflux esophagitis and other nasopharynx diseases(χ²=17.833,43.370,194.466,27.773,101.92,11.268,P=0.000).Regression model analysis showed that asthma,rhinitis and allergen long-term exposure were independent risk factors of chronic cough(χ²=15.352,10.174,12.625,12.659,P=0.000).Conclusion The incidence rate of children in industrial town is higher in Qinhuangdao City than those in other urban areas,6~14 years old children.Asthma,rhinitis and allergen exposure are the main causes of chronic cough.