某妇幼保健机构工作人员职业暴露监测

目的了解某妇幼保健院工作人员职业暴露情况，探讨职业暴露相关危险因素及预防对策。方法对该院2012年1-12月间55名工作人员发生职业暴露的监测数据进行统计分析。结果共发生工作职业暴露55例、57例次。其中暴露源不明确31例次（54.39％），暴露源情况明确26例次（45.61％）。 57例次职业暴露人员中，保洁员和护士占82.46%（47例次），其职业暴露发生率分别为9.76%和5.32%。职业暴露发生率居前3位的科室是门急诊、产科和保洁部，分别为29.51%、9.80%和9.76%；暴露人员的工龄≤3年者占87.72%（50例次）。暴露种类以锐器伤为主，占94.74%（54例次），暴露物以头皮钢针为主（42.11％），其次为注射器针头（19.30％）。 职业暴露主要环节为拔针（29.83％），其次为医疗废物处置（28.07％）。结论保洁员、护士和低年资工作人员是职业暴露高危群体，应采取相关的防范措施，加强对其职业防护教育培训；加强对重点部门、环节的管理，降低医院工作人员职业暴露危害。

Occupational exposure among staff at a women and children hospital

Objective To investigate occupational exposure among staff in a women and children hospital, and evaluate occupational exposure related risk factors and preventive measures.MethodsData of occupational exposure among 55 staff in January December 2012 was analyzed. ResultsA total of 55 staff suffered 57 times of exposure. Exposure sources of 31 times (54.39%) were unidentified, 26 (45.61%) were identified.Of 57 times of exposure, 82.46% (47 times) occurred in cleaners and nurses, incidence of occupational exposure was 9.76% and 5.32% respectively; the top three departments of occupational exposure were departments of outpatient and emergency (29.51%), obstetrics (9.80%), and cleaning company(9.76%); the incidence of occupational exposure was 87.72% (50 times) in staff with length of service ≤3 year. Sharp injury was the major types of exposure, which accounting for 94.74%(54 times); the main medical devices that caused injuries were scalp needles (42.11%) and syringe needles (19.30%). The major procedures involved in injury were syringe needle removal (29.83%) and medical waste disposal (28.07%).ConclusionCleaners, nurses and junior staff are high risk population for occupational exposure, in order to reduce the incidence of occupational exposure, corresponding measures should be taken, education about occupational precaution should be performed, management on key departments should be intensified.