论妨害兴奋剂管理罪的应然处罚范围——基于对“参加”解读展开的讨论

现阶段对于妨害兴奋剂管理罪的主要构成要件要素存在诸多讨论,划定合理的处罚范围具有重要意义。但是,对于“参加”要素解读的缺失,直接影响妨害兴奋剂管理罪的合理应然处罚范围。妨害兴奋剂管理罪的保护法益在于运动员的身心健康和重大体育竞赛公平性。作为核心法益的重大体育竞赛公平性,包括重大体育竞赛过程公平性和重大体育竞赛资格公平性。由此出发,“参加”应扩展解释至包括“参与”和“为了参与”。“为了参与”国内、国际重大体育竞赛,而在预选或选拔比赛,或者开赛前备赛训练中使用兴奋剂的,也属于“使用兴奋剂参加国内、国际重大体育竞赛”,相应行为应当以妨害兴奋剂管理罪进行规制。这种结论是必要的扩大解释,并未破坏司法限缩的要求,亦符合其法定犯属性,具有充分的合理性。

On the Scope of Punishment for the Crime of Obstructing Doping Management: Discussion Based on the Interpretation of "Participation"

At this stage, there are many discussions on the main constituent elements of the crime of obstructing doping management, which is of great significance for delimiting a reasonable scope of punishment. However, the lack of interpretation of the element of "participate" directly affects the reasonable scope of punishment for the crime of obstructing doping management. The legal benefit of the crime of obstructing doping management lies in the physical and mental health of athletes and the fairness of major sports competitions. As the core legal interest, the fairness of major sports competition includes the fairness of the process of major sports competition and the fairness of the qualification of major sports competition. Therefore, "participate" should be extended to include "participate" and "for participating". For participating in major domestic and international sports competitions, the use of dope in pre-selection or selection competitions, or pre-competition training, also belongs to "using dope to participate in major domestic and international sports competitions", and the corresponding acts should be regulated as the crime of obstructing dope management. This conclusion is a necessary expanded interpretation, does not undermine the requirements of judicial restriction, and is also in line with its legal crime attribute, which is fully reasonable.