CT辅助山羊腰椎解剖测量及与人体腰椎的对比研究

目的:通过对山羊腰椎的解剖测量以及与人体腰椎的对比研究,为腰椎假体的动物模型建立奠定基础。方法:通过计算机辅助软件Mimics 16.0对波尔山羊新鲜腰椎标本及健康成人腰椎的椎体、椎弓根、椎间盘等部位的解剖参数进行采集,最终运用统计学软件对两者腰椎解剖特点进行对比研究。结果:山羊椎体前高中高后高,最大值分别为(38.7±2.9)、(40.1±2.6)、(40.7±2.7)mm。其终板宽度大于其深度,整体呈心形或肾形外观。山羊上终板向外凸出,下终板凹陷较小,最大值为(1.6±0.6)mm。山羊椎弓根高自L1至L6不断增大,最大值为(30.5±1.9)mm;其椎弓根宽与夹角随着椎体序列的增加先减小后增大,最小值分别为(6.7±0.4)mm与(45.9±2.6)°。山羊椎间盘前高中高后高,三者随着椎间隙的变化数值波动较小;其椎间孔高与宽亦变化较小,分别在(12.9±0.3)~(14.3±1.0)mm与(5.7±1.0)~(6.7±0.9)mm波动。对比结果显示山羊腰椎椎体高、椎弓根高及夹角明显大于人类(P0.05),而其终板宽与深、椎间盘高等明显小于人类(P0.05)。此外,两者某些结构如椎弓根高、椎间盘高等随着椎体序数的增加亦呈现出不同变化规律。结论:山羊腰椎虽然在某些方面如终板及椎间孔形态等与人体存在相似性,但是在诸多方面仍存在较大差异。掌握山羊腰椎的解剖特点及与人体之间的差异对于腰椎假体及相关技术的山羊动物研究具有重要的指导意义。

CT assisted goat lumbar vertebrae anatomical measurement and comparison with human lumbar vertebrae

Objective: To study the anatomical measurement of goat lumbar vertebrae and to compare with human lumbar vertebrae,so as to build the foundation for establishing animal models of lumbar prosthesis.Methods: The anatomical parameters of the vertebral body,pedicle and intervertebral disc in the fresh lumbar vertebrae of Boer goat and the lumbar vertebrae of healthy adults were collected by computer aided software Mimics16.0,and the anatomical characteristics of the two lumbar vertebrae were compared with the statistical software.Results: The anterior vertebral body height(VBHa) of goat lumbar was less than the middle vertebral body height(VBHm),which was less than the posterior vertebral body height(VBHp),and the maximum values were (38.7±2.9),(40.1±2.6) and (40.7±2.7) mm respectively. Its endplate width was greater than its depth,with the whole shaped like a heart or a kidney. The cranial endplate of goats was convex while the caudal endplate was depressed and the depression was small,with a maximum value of (1.6±0.6) mm. The pedicle height of goats increased from L₁ to L₆ with the maximum of (30.5±1.9) mm; its pedicle width and angle increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of vertebra level and the minimum values were (6.7±0.4) mm and(45.9±2.6)° respectively. The anterior intervertebral disc height was larger than the middle which was larger than the posterior and all varied slightly with the changes of intervertebral spaces; the height and width of intervertebral foramen separately waved at (12.9±0.3) to (14.3±1.0) mm and (5.7±1.0) to (6.7±0.9) mm. The comparative results showed that the vertebral body height,pedicle height and angle of goats were greater than those of humans (P<0.05) while the width and depth of the endplate,the intervertebral disc height,and etc. were significantly smaller than those of humans (P<0.05). In addition,some structures,such as the height of pedicle and intervertebral disc,also showed different changing laws with the increase of vertebra level.Conclusion: Although there are similarities in goat lumbar spine in some aspects,such as endplate and foramen foramen,there are still many differences in many aspects. Understanding the anatomical characteristics of goat lumbar vertebrae and the difference between goat and human is of great guiding significance for the research of goat prosthesis and related technology.