内蒙古乌达-乌斯太工业园环境单颗粒研究

2015年夏季在内蒙古乌达-乌斯太工业园布点采集了大气颗粒物核孔膜样品16件，采用扫描电镜（SEM-EDX）共表征了1600个单颗粒的形貌和化学组成，结果表明，研究区单颗粒主要为矿物颗粒、燃烧产生颗粒和含硫颗粒3大类，其中矿物颗粒不仅含有硅铝酸盐和碳酸盐这类常见颗粒，还有风化煤矸石和沙尘颗粒这两种特殊颗粒；燃烧产生颗粒不仅有通常的燃煤飞灰、烟尘集合体和絮状碳质颗粒，还有原煤尘颗粒.统计表明，烟尘聚合体、硅铝酸盐和沙尘这三者占颗粒物总数的64%，风化煤矸石尘和原煤尘主要呈现为可吸入颗粒（2.5~10μm）；烟尘聚合体和沙尘则主要为超细颗粒（<1.0μm）.总之，单颗粒分析揭示该典型煤炭工业园区大气颗粒物主要来源：园内燃煤排放和交通，上风向矿区煤炭生产和上风向沙漠自然活动.

Study on environmental individual particles in Wuda-Wusitai Industrial Park,Inner Mongolia

The individual particle analysis with SEM/EDX showing the morphology and chemical composition were conducted on 1600 individual particles within 16 aerosol samples collected in Wuda-Wusitai Industrial Park, Inner Mongolia, during the summer of 2015. The results suggest that the major particle types included mineral particles, combustion-originated particles, and sulfur-containing particles. Specifically, the mineral particles included common aluminosilicates and carbonates as well as weathered coal gangue and dust particles, while the combustion-originated particles contained not only the usual fly ash, soot aggregates and floccule carbon particles, but also the raw coal dust. Statistically the soot aggregates, aluminosilicates and dust particles accounted for 64% of total particles. The weathered coal gangue and raw coal dust were mainly presented as inhalable particles (2.5~10μm), while soot aggregates and dust particles were mainly ultrafine particles (<1.0μm). In all, the individual particle analysis suggested that the main sources of atmospheric particulates in the typical coal industrial park were coal combustion and traffic inside the park, as well as the upwind coal production and the natural desert influences.