“红虫”杀灭前后自来水的安全评价

采用发光细菌急性毒性试验,配合大型蚤和斑马鱼胚胎毒性试验验证,测定有"红虫"存在的自来水以及用氯胺、二氧化氯和过氧化氢对"红虫"进行杀灭后自来水的生物毒性,判定其对人体健康可能造成的危害。结果显示:"红虫"自来水并没有检测出明显的生物毒性;氯胺在起始剂量不超过4mg/L时不仅有较好的控制效果,而且用其杀灭"红虫"后的自来水具有较低的健康风险;采用低浓度过氧化氢(0.005%)对"红虫"进行杀灭,其杀灭后自来水仍具有较强生物毒性,最终认为不宜作为自来水常规消毒剂;使用6～8mg/L的二氧化氯可有效杀灭"红虫",杀灭后自来水的生物毒性为低毒,其最终消毒副产物对人体的健康风险较低。

Safety Assessment of Tap Water Before and After Killing Bloodworm with Disinfection

Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test was undertaken to test the toxicity of tap water with bloodworm and tap water after killing bloodworm with chloramines, chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide, for the purpose of assessing the potential effect to human health. Results showed that there was no obvious biotoxicity in tap water with bloodworm; chloramines with concentration less than 4mg/L had relatively good controlling effect to bloodworm, and the tap water after killing bloodworm with it possessed low health risk. Tap water after killing bloodworm even with a low concentration of 0.005% hydrogen peroxide had high biological toxicity, and hence the hydrogen peroxide should not be considered as a routine disinfectant for controlling bloodworm in water supply. Chlorine dioxide with concentration of 6~8mg/L which was determined to be low noxious, can exterminate bloodworm effectively, and the risk of disinfection byproduct to human health was low.