孕妇孕期血小板抗体筛查的影响因素分析

目的研究孕妇孕期血小板抗体的阳性率,初步分析其相关影响因素。方法选取2017年3月~2019年7月进行产检的孕妇620例为研究对象,采用固相凝集法进行血小板抗体的筛查,分析孕妇孕期血小板抗体阳性率与输血史、生育史、ABO血型等因素之间的关系以及疾病分布特征。结果 620例孕妇中血小板抗体阳性55例,阳性率为8.87%;有输血史的孕妇血小板抗体阳性率(14.13%)高于无输血史的孕妇血小板抗体阳性率(6.65%),有生育史的孕妇血小板抗体阳性率(10.46%)高于无生育史的孕妇血小板抗体阳性率(3.52%),差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);ABO血型对孕妇孕期血小板抗体阳性率无影响(P>0.05);血小板抗体阳性的孕妇主要分布在前置胎盘、瘢痕子宫、胎盘植入、血小板减少症等疾病中。结论输血史、生育史、疾病类型对于孕妇血小板抗体阳性率均有一定的影响,孕妇进行血小板抗体的筛查对于预防和减少孕期流产以及新生儿同种免疫血小板减少性紫癜(NAITP)的发生具有重要意义。

Influencing factors of platelet antibody screening in pregnant women

Objective To investigate the positive rate of platelet antibody in pregnant women and analyze the related factors. Methods A total of 620 pregnant women who underwent antenatal examination from March 2017 to July 2018 were screened for platelet antibodies by solid phase agglutination method. The relationship between platelet antibody positive rate and blood transfusion history, reproductive history and ABO blood group were analyzed, and the profile of disease were alsodiscussed.Results 55 out of 620 pregnant women presented positive platelet antibody,with a positive rate of 8.87%.The platelet antibody positive rate of pregnant women with ahistory of blood transfusion(14.13%) was higher than those never transfused before(6.65%), and the platelet antibody positive rate of pregnant women with a childbirth history(10.46%) was higher than those didn′t bear before(3.52%), showing statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The ABO blood grouphad no correlation with antenatal platelet antibody positive rate(P>0.05).Pregnant women with positive platelet antibodies mainly suffered from diseases such as placenta pravia, scarred uterus, placental implantation and thrombocytopenia.Conclusion Blood transfusion history, reproductive history and disease type have certain effects on the positive rate of platelet antibody in pregnant women.Screening platelet antibody in pregnant women is of great significance to prevente and reduce miscarriage during pregnancy and the occurrence of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura(NAITP).