纳米多孔NiO类空心微球负极材料的制备与储锂性能

以NiCl₂·6H₂O、尿素、葡萄糖为原料采用水热法制备了NiO前体，将前体在空气中烧结最终得到NiO电极活性材料。该NiO样品具有镂空结构的类空心球形貌，且由50~100 nm初级纳米颗粒构成。对该NiO样品作为锂离子电池负极材料的储锂性能进行了研究，结果发现赝电容效应对该材料储锂容量和倍率性能有重要贡献。因独特的空心纳米结构和赝电容效应，该材料表现出出色的电化学循环稳定性和优异的大倍率充放电性能。在500 mA·g^-1电流密度下，100圈充放电循环后放电比容量为650 mA·h·g^-1，容量保持率达86.6%；在10 A·g^-1的超高倍率下，其稳定放电比容量仍高达432 mA·h·g^-1。

Preparation and lithium storage performance of nanoporous hollow microspheres-like NiO anode materials

Using NiCl₂·6H₂O, urea, and glucose as materials, hollow microspheres-like NiO were prepared by hydrothermal method followed by annealing in air at 700℃. The results of microstructural characterization reveal that the hollow microspheres-like NiO are composed of nanosized primary particles (50—100 nm). The electrochemical performances of the prepared NiO samples were investigated. It is found that the pseudocapacitive effect has a prominent contribution to the lithium storage capacity of the NiO electrode. Due to the unique hollow structure and pseudocapacitive effect, the NiO electrode shows outstanding electrochemical cycling stability and excellent high rate capability. For example, the NiO electrode retains a high reversible capacity of 650 mA·h·g^-1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 500 mA·g^-1. Even at ultra-high current density of 10 A·g^-1, the NiO electrode can still deliver a capacity of 432 mA·h·g^-1.