基层公共卫生医生对幼虫监测法与诱蚊诱卵器法评价的定性研究

目的 了解基层公共卫生工作者对幼虫监测法与诱蚊诱卵器法的评价，为改进蚊媒监测方法，制定有效的蚊媒监测方案提供建议。方法 抽取广州市白云区若干卫生服务中心或镇医院蚊媒监测工作人员进行半结构式访谈，使用ATLAS.ti 6定性分析软件进行编码分析。结果 14个基层单位蚊媒监测项目负责人接受了访谈。幼虫监测法被认为相对耗费人力，城市高楼入户困难、现场调查员态度可以影响数据的质量。等同看待每个幼虫阳性积水以及蚊媒主要孳生于户外的情况也被认为影响幼虫监测法的效力。但幼虫监测法可以了解社区蚊媒孳生情况和宣传登革热防控知识。诱蚊诱卵器被认为相对省时省力，但不适用于人口建筑密集的地区。诱蚊诱卵器的瓶孔和瓶身被认为太小，而且监测结果与具体的布放位置有关。诱蚊诱卵器法反映蚊媒密度的能力在基层存在争议。结论 两种蚊媒监测方法在人力成本、可操作性和指标价值上有较大的差异。不同地区需要根据实际需要制定有效、合理的蚊媒监测方案。

A qualitative study on evaluation of field public health physician related to two dengue vector surveillance methods: larval survey and mosq-ovitrap

Objective To explore evaluation of larval survey and mosq-ovitrap in grass-roots public health physician, and provide evidence for improvement of vector surveillance and making effective monitoring plans. Methods Semi-structured, individual in-depth interviews were conducted with field staff from basic health departments in Baiyun District, Guangzhou. Coding analyses were made by ATLAS.ti 6. Results Fourteen directors of vector-surveillance units were recruited. Larval surveys were considered as a labor-intensive monitoring method. Irresponsible attitudes as well as inaccessibility of urban premises can lead to a low-quality data collection. That larval survey equal each positive containers, and mosquitoes mainly breed in outdoor, were perceived as a methodological drawback and may limit its effectiveness. But it was mentioned that field workers can propagate knowledge about dengue fever and find mosquitoes breeding sites in the community. Mosq-ovitrap was said to be a time-saving method relatively. But it could not be placed in areas which were densely built and populated. The sizes of the cup body and cone shaped holes were considered too small to attract mosquitos. Results may differ even in the same area when placements were different. It was controversial that whether mosq-ovitrap was an efficient technique for detecting and monitoring Aedes populations. Conclusions Larval survey and mosq-ovitrap are quite different in cost, maneuverability and value. One should make the satisfactory monitoring plans according to specific conditions.