容积穿梭80 mm CT脑灌注成像及动态四维CT血管成像诊断颈内动脉系统血管狭窄和闭塞

目的 探讨利用容积穿梭扫描模式(volume shuttle)的80 mm CTP)及80 mm动态4D-CTA诊断大脑Willis环血管狭窄或闭塞.方法 55例大脑中动脉(MCA)或颈内动脉(ICA)重度狭窄或闭塞患者,行CT平扫、脑CTP和头颈部CTA检查,CTP检查获得脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、达峰时间(TTP)等参数,同时获得80 mm(0.625 mm×128)扫描覆盖范围内动态4D-CTA.采用K Independent Samples分析ICA或MCA狭窄或闭塞者脑血流灌注参数CBF、CBV、MTT、TTP.结果 40例单侧MCA或ICA重度狭窄或闭塞患者中4例脑血流灌注未见显著异常改变,36例患者TTP和MTT均发现与临床症状相对应的灌注延迟区,病变侧MTT(7.18±1.34)s、TTP(19.65±1.81)s与健侧MTT(5.22±1.14)s、TTP(17.62±1.65)s比较,差异有统计学意义(X~2值分别为30.833、25.817,P值均<0.017);CBV、CBF未见明显异常.15例双侧MCA或ICA重度狭窄或闭塞患者,5例责任病灶侧与非责任病灶侧比较,脑血流灌注未见明显差异.10例责任病灶侧与非责任病灶侧比较,可见明显的脑血流灌注异常区,TTP和MTT较非责任病灶侧延迟,责任病灶侧 CBF(42.85±6.09)ml·100 g~(-1)·min~(-1)、CBV(2.63±0.42)ml·100 g~(-1)、MTT(11.27±1.43)s、TTP(21.07±1.44)s和对照组CBF(71.20±6.30)ml·100 g~(-1)·min~(-1)、CBV(2.29 ±0.15)ml·100 g~(-1)、MTT(3.38±0.61)s、TTP(17.64±1.70)s比较,差异具有统计学意义(X~2值分别为17.314、5.913、17.334、13.834,P值均<0.017).应用容积穿梭扫描模式获得80 mm动态Willis环4D-CTA图像,27例单侧MCA重度狭窄或闭塞患者中右侧MCA狭窄患者13例,左侧MCA狭窄患者9例;单侧MCA闭塞患者5例,其中右侧1例,左侧4例.9例双侧MCA重度狭窄或闭塞患者4D-CTA图像显示双侧MCA狭窄.4D-CTA图像与常规CTA、DSA显示Willis环血管狭窄或闭塞结果一致.结论 64层CT容积穿梭扫描模式可同时获得80 mm脑血流灌注和80 mm动态Willis环4D-CTA,对MCA或ICA狭窄或闭塞不仅能确定脑灌注异常范围,而且能够进行病因诊断,指导临床医师选择治疗方案及评价疗效,有广泛的临床应用前景.

Evaluation of the 80 mm volume shuttle CT cerebral perfusion imaging and 4D-CT angiography in patients with stenosis or occlusion of internal carotid artery

Objective To evaluate the 80 mm volume shuttle cerebral CT perfusion(CTP) and 4D-CT angiography (CTA) in patients with stenosis or occlusion in Willis circle.Methods Conventional cerebral plain CT, 80 mm CTP and dynamic 4D-CTA were performed in 55 patients with unilateral MCA/ ICA stenosis or occlusion.The parameter maps of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT) and time to peak (TTP) were analyzed.Meanwhile dynamic 4D-CTA images were also obtained.The significance of the differences of CBF, CBV, MTT and TTP between the affected side and the contralateral side was assessed using K Independent Samples analysis.Results In 40 patients with unilateral stenosis or occlusion of MCA/ICA, CTP was found abnormal in 36 patients.MTT and TTP of affected side [(7.18 ±1.34), (19.65 ±1.81) s] were significantly prolonged compared to contralateral side [(5.22±1.14) s, (17.62±1.65) s, X~2 =30.833,25.817, P<0.017].Centrum ovale or parietal lobe ischemic lesions were observed in 16 patients on CTP.In 15 patients with bilateral stenosis or occlusion of MCA/ICA, CTP was observed abnormal in 10 patients.CBF, CBV, MTT and TTP of affected side [(42.85 ±6.09) ml·100 g~(-1)·min~(-1), (2.63 ±0.42) ml·100 g~(-1), (11.27 ±1.43) s, (21.07 ±1.44) s)] were significantly different from those of contralateral side [(71.20 ±6.30) ml·100 g~(-1)·min~(-1), (2.29 ±0.15) ml·100 g~(-1), (3.38 ±0.61) s, (17.64 ±1.70) s (X~2 =17.314, 5.913,17.334,13.834,P<0.017)].On 4D-CTA covering 80 mm (0.625 mm×l28), unilateral stenosis of MCA were observed in 22 patients (13 right MCA and 9 left MCA), unilateral occlusion were observed in 5 patients (1 right MCA and 4 left MCA) and bilateral MCA stenosis/occlusion were observed in 9 patients.4D-CTA covering Willis cycle can display stenosis/occlsion of MCA as same as conventional CTA and DSA.Conclusion 80 mm volume shuttle CTP and 4D-CTA provide valuable information about the hemodynamic changes and the abnormalities of intracranial artery in patients with MCA/ICA stenosis or occlusion.