免疫衰老对老年人群疫苗效力影响的研究进展

目的 分析老年群体接种相同疫苗后，疫苗效力不及年轻群体的主要原因。方法 通过对中英文文献的查阅，以年龄为限定条件对国内外相关研究进行归纳。结果 免疫衰老是造成接种后老年群体低抗体水平的主要原因。老年群体的免疫障碍可能与衰老、慢性炎症、微环境因素、性别及感染有关。免疫衰老对固有免疫和适应性免疫均造成一定程度负面影响。与年龄相关的免疫障碍限制了接种后老年群体免疫应答的能力。结论 针对老龄群体对疫苗的免疫反应较弱的问题，目前通过增大接种剂量、增加抗原量以及优化佐剂的方式改善疫苗。为了进一步优化疫苗提出了黏膜免疫、生物调节剂以及重组病毒疫苗等改善方法。但目前批准用于老年群体的疫苗数量依旧稀少，老年群体疾病的防治仍存在不足。

Research progress of immunosenescene impact on vaccine efficacy

To analyze the main reasons why the efficacy of the same vaccine is not as good as that of the youngergroup in the elderly group. Methods Based on the literature review in Chinese and English，the related studies at home andabroad were summarized with age as the limiting condition. Ｒesults Immunosenescence was the main reason for the lowantibody level in the elderly after vaccination. Dysimmunity in the elderly population might be related to aging，chronicinflammation，microenvironment factors，gender and infection. Immunosenescence had a certain degree of negative effects onboth innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Age － related dysimmunity limited the ability of immune response in the elderlypopulation after vaccination. Conclusion The vaccine can be improved by increasing the dose of the vaccine，increasing theamount of antigen and optimizing the adjuvant. In order to further optimize the vaccine，some improvement methods，such asmucosal immunity，biomodulators and recombinant virus vaccine，are proposed. However，the number of vaccines currentlyapproved for the elderly is still scarce. The prevention and treatment of diseases in the aged group are still insufficient