NC/Al纳米复合含能材料的制备与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法和超临界二氧化碳干燥法制备了硝化棉/铝粉(NC/Al)纳米复合材料,并通过红外光谱、比表面积、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及差示扫描量热(DSC)等分析方法对复合材料进行了表征。研究结果表明: 纳米铝粉与NC气凝胶骨架成功复合； 复合材料为平均孔径在20~50 nm之间的介孔材料,纳米铝粉在凝胶中均匀分散； NC/Al纳米复合材料的比表面积随铝粉添加量增加而下降； 复合材料中纳米铝粉与硝化棉质量比为5∶10时, NC组分分解热由空白NC气凝胶的1689.21 J·g-1提高至2408.07 J·g-1。 

Preparation and Characterization of NC/Al Nano-composite Energetic Materials

In order to utilize the full potentials of the existing energetic materials, nitrocellulose/Al (NC/Al) nano-composite materials were prepared through sol-gel and supercritical carbon dioxide drying methods. The structures of nano-composite materials were characterized by FTIR, BET, SEM and DSC methods. Experimental results show that the nano-composite materials belong to mesoporous material and the nano-aluminum powders is well-distributed in the gel matrix. The specific surface area of the material decreases with the Al powders content increasing. When Al:NC (mass ratio) equals to 5:10, the decomposition heat per unit mass of NC component increases to 2408.07 J·g^-1 from 1689.21 J·g^-1.