在役设备材料断裂力学参数测定方法综述--小冲杆实验力学研究进展之二

20多年以来, 用小型试件的小冲杆实验技术来测量在役设备材料的各种力学参数已经取得了很大进展. 小冲杆实验的试样虽然还没有标准, 但一般均采用直径为3～10mm,厚度为0.1～0.5mm的圆片试样.这个方法已经用来确定材料的弹性模量、屈服强度、塑性性能、抗拉强度、断裂形态转变温度、断裂韧性、蠕变性能以及表示塑性硬化和韧性损伤的微观力学参数和黏塑性性能等各种力学性能.该方法兼具取样方便和几乎无损的优点,非常适用于那些无法取出传统试样或取样不经济的场合,因此引起科技界和工业界的关注.本文综述了小冲杆试验的测量技术及从测量数据来确定材料断裂形态转变温度、断裂韧性和主曲线的移动温度的各种计算方法研究进展.

An Overview of Methods for Material Fracture Parameter Measurement of in-Service Equipments--The Advance of Small Punch in Experimental Mechanics II

Over the past 20 years, small punch experimental technology for testing miniaturized specimens has been developed to evaluate the mechanical properties of materials in service. Although there is no standard for test specimens, but disc specimens with 3~10mm diameter and 0.1~0.5mm thickness are commonly used in practice. It has been used to determinate the elastic modulus, yield strength, plastic properties, tensile strength, ductile-brittle transition temperature, fracture roughness, creep properties, and micro-mechanical material parameters describing plastic hardening and ductile damage and edurance strength so on. It is convenience for sampling and nearly non-destructive, so is very suitable for the situations where conventional sampling is impossible or uneconomic, therefore, attracts attention from academia and industry. An overview of state of the art about empirical and computational methods for determining the ductile-brittle transition temperature, fracture toughness and shift temperature of master curve from measured data of small punch test is presented in this article.