粉碎粒径对番茄和辣椒秸秆堆肥木质纤维素降解特征的影响

为探索茄果类蔬菜秸秆在菜田就近进行好氧堆肥粉碎条件，研究了2种粉碎粒径（碾压粉碎2～5 cm、切割粉碎1～2 cm）对3种蔬菜秸秆（番茄、辣椒及二者混合秸秆）堆肥的木质纤维素降解特征的影响。结果表明，番茄、辣椒和混合秸秆在堆肥过程中木质纤维素组分降解率由高到底依次为半纤维素>纤维素>木质素，大粒径处理能够降低堆肥初始木质纤维素的含量，同时加快纤维素和半纤维素在堆肥后期的降解；小粒径处理则能够提高堆肥积温，促进木质素的降解。冗余分析表明，纤维素和半纤维素降解是促进全碳降解的关键因素。大粒径处理的3种秸秆初始全氮、全磷、全钾和腐植酸含量显著高于小粒径处理，且在堆肥结束时大粒径处理的氮、磷、钾总养分含量（8.03%）和腐植酸含量（12.15%）仍显著高于小粒径处理（6.88%、9.44%）。在生产中，蔬菜产地可选择秸秆还田机碾压粉碎至2～5 cm粒径或容重0.3 g/cm3下的粉碎粒径对茄果类蔬菜秸秆进行堆肥，有助于木质纤维素的降解和堆肥质量的提高。

Effect of comminution size on lignocellulose degradation characteristics of tomato and pepper straw compost

In order to explore the technological parameters of aerobic composting of eggplant vegetable straw in nearbyvegetablefields，the effects of two comminutionsize(2-5 cm by grinding and 1-2 cmbycutting)on the lignocellulosedegradation and ripening quality oftomato，pepper and their mixed straw compost were studied. The results showed that the degradation rate of lignocellulosecomponents in the composting process oftomato，pepper and their mixed straw was in the order of hemicellulose>cellulose>lignin. The big particle size treatment A reduced the initial lignocellulose mass fraction ofcompost，and accelerated the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose in the later stage of composting. The small particle size treatment B increased the compost temperature and promoted the degradation of lignin. Redundancy analysis showed that the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose was the key factor to promote the degradation of total carbon. The initialtotal nitrogen，totalphosphorus，totalpotassium，and humic acid contents of the three kinds of straws in treatment A were significantly higher than those in treatmentB，and the total nutrientcontent(8.03%)and humic acidcontent(12.15%) in treatment A were still significantly higher than those in treatmentB(6.88% and9.44%)at the end of composting. Inproduction，the eggplant vegetable straw with a particle size of 2-5 cm or unit weight of 0.3 g/cm3 could be chosen to compostin vegetable producingareas，which helped to degrade lignocellulose and improve the quality of composting.